Exhaust treatment device
View Patent ↗An exhaust treatment device for treating an exhaust gas stream combines the functionalities of a catalytic particulate filter and a NOx absorber catalyst into a single integral device and is disposed in an exhaust conduit. By combining the functionalities of the catalytic particulate filter and a NO x absorber catalyst into a single integral device, the exhaust treatment device eliminates the temperature losses inherent to the heat capacity of one catalytic device placed in front of the other.
1. An exhaust treatment device comprising:
a plurality of filter elements and plugs alternately arranged in a serpentine structure to form a plurality of inlet channels and outlet channels, wherein the plugs are disposed at alternating ends of the filter elements, and wherein fluid communication from the inlet channels to the outlet channels is through the filter elements;
a NO x adsorber composition disposed on and/or impregnated in surfaces of the filter elements or filter elements and plugs that form the inlet channels or outlet channels or a combination of the inlet and outlet channels; and
a soot oxidation catalyst composition formed from an inorganic precursor and a catalytic metal disposed on or impregnated in surfaces of the filter elements or filter elements and plugs that form the inlet channels
wherein the catalyst composition comprises an alkali metal catalytic metal oxide substantially uniformly dispersed in an alkali metal aluminate;
wherein the alkali metal aluminate is selected from the group consisting of lithium aluminate, potassium aluminate, cesium aluminate, and mixtures comprising one or more of the foregoing aluminates; and
wherein the alkali metal catalytic metal oxide comprises platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, and alloys and mixtures comprising at least one of the foregoing.
2. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the NOx adsorber composition and the soot oxidation catalyst composition form a mixture and are disposed on or impregnated in surfaces of the filter elements or the surfaces of the filter elements and plugs that form the outlet channels andlor inlet channels.
3. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the NOx adsorber composition and the soot oxidation catalyst composition form alternating layers on the surfaces of the filter elements or the surfaces of the filter elements and plugs that form the outlet channels and/or inlet channels.
4. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the NOx adsorber composition and the soot oxidation catalytic composition comprise a thickness effective to minimize a pressure drop across the filter elements to less than or equal to about 30 kPA.
5. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the NO x adsorber composition comprises a washcoat, the washcoat comprising a support material, a cerium-containing mixed oxide, a catalytic metal component, and a trapping material.
6. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the cerium-containing mixed oxide further comprises an oxide selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, neodymium oxide, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing oxides.
7. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the catalytic metal component is present in an amount of up to about 5 wt %, based upon the total weight of the washcoat.
8. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the catalytic metal component is present in an amount of 0.2 wt % to about 3 wt %, based upon the total weight of the washcoat.
9. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the trapping material is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and mixtures comprising at least one of the foregoing.
10. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the trapping material is selected from the group consisting of barium, lithium, sodium, cesium, potassium, magnesium, strontium, and mixtures comprising at least one of the foregoing.
11. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the trapping material is present in an amount of up to about 50 wt %, based upon the total weight of the washcoat.
12. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the trapping material is present in an amount of up to about 40 wt %, based upon the total weight of the washcoat.
13. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the trapping material is present in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 20 wt %, based upon the total weight of the washcoat.
14. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the trapping material further comprises about 7 wt % to about 20 wt % barium and about 2 wt % to about 5 wt % potassium, based upon the total weight of the washcoat.
15. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the cerium-containing mixed oxide is present in an amount of up to about 50 wt %, based upon the total weight of the washcoat.
16. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 5 , wherein the cerium-containing mixed oxide is present in an amount of about 3 wt % to about 25 wt %, based upon the total weight of the washcoat.
17. The exhaust treatment device according to claim 1 wherein the alkali metal catalytic metal oxide comprises lithium platinum oxide.