Enhancing the tonal characteristics of digital images using inflection points in a tone scale function
View Patent ↗A method of producing a tone scale function which operates on a source digital image to improve tonal characteristics, includes receiving a source digital image including a plurality of pixels; and producing a tone scale function having a highlight tone scale segment and a shadow tone scale segment defined relative to a reference point on the tone scale function, and that is adapted to operate on the source digital image, wherein the highlight tone scale segment is defined by a different mathematical function than the shadow tone scale segment; at least one of the highlight tone scale or shadow tone scale segments have at least one inflection point; the highlight tone scale segment is defined for points that are equal to or greater than the reference point; and the shadow tone scale segment is defined for points that are equal to or less than the reference point.
1. A method of producing a tone scale function which can operate on a source digital image to improve tonal characteristics, comprising the steps of:
a) receiving a source digital image including a plurality of pixels; and
b) producing a tone scale function having a highlight tone scale segment and a shadow tone scale segment defined relative to a reference point on the tone scale function, and that is adapted to operate on the source digital image to improve its tonal characteristics, wherein:
i) the highlight tone scale segment is defined by a different mathematical function than the shadow tone scale segment;
ii) at least one of the highlight tone scale or shadow tone scale segments have at least one inflection point;
iii) the highlight tone scale segment is defined for points that are equal to or greater than the reference point; and
iv) the shadow tone scale segment is defined for points that are equal to or less than the reference point.
2. The method of claim 1 using the tone scale function and the source digital image to produce an enhanced digital image.
3. The method of claim 2 using a sigmoid shaped rendering function independent of the source digital image and the enhanced digital image to produce a rendered digital image.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the highlight tone scale segment is manually controlled with at least one highlight control parameter and the shadow tone scale segment is manually controlled with at least one shadow control parameter.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein both the highlight and shadow tone scale segments have an inflection point.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the shadow tone scale segment has at least two inflection points.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein at least two exponential functions are used to define the highlight tone scale segment.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein at least two exponential functions are used to define the shadow tone scale segment.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the slopes of the highlight and shadow tone scale segments are each equal at the reference point.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the slopes of the highlight and shadow tone scale segments are unequal at the reference point.
11. The method of claim 1 further including the step of using the pixels of the source digital image to produce the tone scale function.
12. The method of claim 1 further including the step of using the pixels of the source digital image to produce a histogram and using the histogram to produce the tone scale function.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the highlight tone scale segment maps a fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a first paper density and the shadow tone scale segment maps a fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a second paper density.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the source digital image is in a luminance-chrominance representation.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the source digital image includes pixels having at least three different color digital image channels.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the pixels of the source digital image have a logarithmic relationship to original scene intensities.
17. The method of claim 2 further including using a spatial filter in applying the tone scale function to the source digital image.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used to define the highlight tone scale segment employs:
a first function with a monotonically decreasing slope characteristic that includes points that are equal to or greater than the reference point; and
a second function with a monotonically decreasing slope characteristic that includes points that are equal to or greater than the reference point.
19. The method of claim 18 further including the step of using the pixels of the source digital image to produce a histogram and using the histogram to produce the highlight tone scale segment.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the highlight tone scale segment maps:
a first fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a first paper density; and
a second fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a second paper density.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein the mathematical function used to define the highlight tone scale segment employs:
a linear function wherein the contribution of the linear function to the highlight tone scale segment is selected by at least one controllable parameter.
22. The method of claim 21 further including the step of using the pixels of the source digital image to produce a histogram and using the histogram to produce the highlight tone scale segment.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the highlight tone scale segment maps:
a first fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a first paper density; and
a second fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a second paper density.
24. The method of claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used to define the shadow tone scale segment employs:
a first function with a monotonically increasing slope characteristic that includes points that are equal to or less than the reference point; and
a second function with a monotonically increasing slope characteristic that includes points that are equal to or less than the reference point.
25. The method of claim 24 further including the step of using the pixels of the source digital image to produce a histogram and using the histogram to produce the shadow tone scale segment.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein the shadow tone scale segment maps:
a first fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a first paper density; and
a second fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a second paper density.
27. The method of claim 24 wherein the mathematical function used to define the shadow tone scale segment employs:
a linear function wherein the contribution of the linear function to the shadow tone scale segment is selected by at least one controllable parameter.
28. The method of claim 27 further including the step of using the pixels of the source digital image to produce a histogram and using the histogram to produce the shadow tone scale segment.
29. The method of claim 28 wherein the shadow tone scale segment maps:
a first fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a first paper density; and
a second fixed percentile of the histogram to a predetermined output value corresponding to a second paper density.
30. The method of claim 1 wherein the shadow tone scale segment maps a pixel value corresponding to a no exposure condition to a maximum paper density.
31. The method of claim 1 wherein the reference point is calculated using the pixels of the source digital image.
32. A computer storage product having at least one computer storage medium having instructions stored therein causing one or more computers to perform the method of claim 1 .