Electrochemical hydrogen compressor for electrochemical cell system and method for controlling

1. An electrochemical cell system comprising:

a fuel cell stack comprising a fuel cell having a fuel cell hydrogen inlet and a fuel cell hydrogen outlet; and

a first electrochemical hydrogen compressor in fluid communication with the fuel cell hydrogen outlet, wherein the first electrochemical hydrogen compressor comprises electrodes in electrical communication with an electricity source, and a compressed hydrogen outlet in fluid communication with the fuel cell hydrogen inlet;

wherein the first electrochemical hydrogen compressor is disposed in the fuel cell stack and between a group of fuel cells.

2. The electrochemical cell system of claim 1 , further comprising a second electrochemical hydrogen compressor disposed in the fuel cell stack, wherein the first electrochemical hydrogen compressor and the second electrochemical hydrogen compressor are disposed in an alternating relationship with fuel cells in the fuel cell stack.

3. The electrochemical cell system of claim 1 , wherein the first electrochemical hydrogen compressor is capable of separating hydrogen from other gases.

4. An electrochemical cell system comprising:

a fuel cell stack comprising a fuel cell having a fuel cell hydrogen inlet and a fuel cell hydrogen outlet; and

a first electrochemical hydrogen compressor in fluid communication with the fuel cell hydrogen outlet, wherein the first electrochemical hydrogen compressor comprises electrodes in electrical communication with an electricity source, and a compressed hydrogen outlet in fluid communication with the fuel cell hydrogen inlet, and disposing

a second electrochemical hydrogen compressor disposed adjacent to the first electrochemical hydrogen compressor.

5. The electrochemical cell system of claim 4 , wherein the an electricity source further comprises a direct current power source.

6. The electrochemical cell system of claim 5 , wherein the direct current power source is the fuel cell.

7. An electrochemical cell system, comprising:

a fuel cell stack comprising a fuel cell having a fuel cell hydrogen inlet and a fuel cell hydrogen outlet;

a reformer having a fuel inlet and a hydrogen and byproduct outlet; and

a first electrochemical hydrogen compressor comprises electrodes in electrical communication with an electricity source and a compressed hydrogen outlet in fluid communication with the fuel cell hydrogen inlet, wherein the electrochemical hydrogen compressor is fluidly disposed between the fuel cell stack and the reformer, in fluid communication with the hydrogen and byproduct outlet and the fuel cell hydrogen inlet; and

a fuel cell in fluid communication with the hydrogen electrode.

8. The electrochemical cell system of claim 7 , further comprises a third electrochemical hydrogen compressor fluidly disposed between the fuel cell stack and the reformer, in fluid communication with the hydrogen and byproduct outlet and the fuel cell hydrogen inlet, and wherein at least the first hydrogen compressor is disposed within the fuel cell stack.

9. The electrochemical cell system of claim 8 , wherein the fuel cell is the electrical source for the third electrochemical compressor.

10. The electrochemical cell system of claim 7 , wherein the fuel cell is the electricity source.

11. A method of operating an electrochemical cell system further comprising:

reforming a fuel to produce reformate comprising hydrogen and byproducts;

introducing the reformate to the first electrochemical hydrogen compressor;

separating the hydrogen from the byproducts in the electrochemical compressor, to form a hydrogen feed; and

introducing the hydrogen feed to a fuel cell at a feed rate of greater than stoichiometry;

directing excess hydrogen from the fuel cell to a first electrochemical hydrogen compressor;

electrochemically compressing the excess hydrogen to compressed hydrogen; and

recirculating the compressed hydrogen gas to the fuel cell.

12. A method of operating an electrochemical cell system further comprising:

introducing hydrogen feed to a fuel cell at a feed rate of greater than stoichiometry;

directing excess hydrogen from the fuel cell to a first electrochemical hydrogen compressor;

electrochemically comprising the excess hydrogen to compressed hydrogen;

reforming a fuel to produce reformate comprising hydrogen and byproducts;

introducing the reformate to a second electrochemical hydrogen compressor; and

separating the hydrogen from the byproducts in the second electrochemical hydrogen compressor to form the hydrogen feed;

introducing the separated hydrogen to the fuel cell.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising recirculating the compressed hydrogen gas to the fuel cell.

14. A method of operating an electrochemical cell system, comprising:

reforming a fuel to produce reformate comprising hydrogen and byproducts;

introducing the reformate to an electrochemical hydrogen compressor;

separating the hydrogen from the byproducts in the electrochemical compressor; and

introducing the separated hydrogen to a fuel cell.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising applying a direct current to the electrochemical hydrogen compressor.