Miniature 2×2 magneto-optic switch

1. A magneto-optical switch comprising:

a first birefringent crystal configured to receive a light beam;

a first half-wave plate and compensator plate pair configured to receive split light beams from the birefringent crystal;

a first Faraday rotator configured to receive the split light beams from the first half-wave plate and compensator plate pair and to change the polarization of a light beam passing through the first Faraday rotator; and

a beam splitter configured to receive the split light beam from the Faraday rotator, the beam splitter configured to transmit light having a firs polarization and reflect light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization.

2. The magneto-optical switch of claim 1 , further comprising a second birefringent crystal, a second half-wave compensator plate pair, and a second Faraday rotator, the second birefringent crystal coupled to the second half-wave compensator plate pair, the second half-wave compensator plate pair coupled to the second Faraday rotator, and the second Faraday rotator coupled to the beam splitter.

3. The magneto-optical switch of claim 1 , further comprising a port coupled to the first birefringent crystal and configured to receive optical fibers.

4. The magneto-optical switch of claim 3 , further comprising two fibers mounted in the port.

5. The magneto-optical switch of claim 3 , further comprising a lensing element configured to receive a light beam from the port, wherein the birefringent crystal receives the light beam from the lensing element.

6. The magneto-optical switch of claim 1 , wherein the first birefringent crystal is configured to separate a beam of light into two polarized beams.

7. The magneto-optical switch of claim 1 , wherein the first half-wave plate and compensator plate pair is configured to cause the split light beams directed through the first half-wave compensator plate pair to have the same polarization state.

8. The magneto-optical switch of claim 1 , wherein the first Faraday rotator is configured to change the polarization state of the split light beams by substantially 90 degrees.

9. The magneto-optical switch of claim 1 , wherein the beam splitter includes an axis of incidence and is configured to reflect light beams if the polarization of the light beams is perpendicular to the axis of incidence and transmit light beams if the polarization of the light beams is parallel to the axis of incidence.

10. The magneto-optical switch of claim 1 , further comprising an electromagnet coupled to the first Faraday rotator and configured to apply an electromagnetic field to the first Faraday rotator to change a polarization of a light beam directed through the first Faraday rotator.

11. The magneto-optical switch of claim 10 , wherein the first Faraday rotator is configured to change the polarization of the light beams to be parallel to an axis of incidence when an electromagnetic field is applied.

12. The magneto-optical switch of claim 10 , wherein the first Faraday rotator is configured to change the polarization of the light beams to be perpendicular to an axis of incidence when an electromagnetic field is applied.

13. The magneto-optical switch of claim 10 , wherein the beam splitter comprises a parallel plate polarizing beam splitter.

14. The magneto-optical switch of claim 10 , further comprising a first port coupled to a first input optical fiber and a first output optical fiber, and a second port coupled to a second input optical fiber and a second output optical fiber, wherein a light beam is directed between the first input optical fiber and the first output optical fiber when the electromagnetic field is applied and between the first input optical fiber and the second output optical fiber when the electromagnetic field is removed.

15. The magneto-optical switch of claim 14 , wherein a light beam passes between the second input optical fiber and the second output optical fiber when the electromagnetic field is applied and between the second input optical fiber and the first output optical fiber when the electromagnetic field is removed.

16. The magneto-optical switch of claim 10 , further comprising a first port coupled to a first input optical fiber and a first output optical fiber, and a second port coupled to a second input optical fiber and a second output optical fiber, wherein a light beams passes between the first input optical fiber and the first output optical fiber when the electromagnetic field is removed and between the first input optical fiber and the second output optical fiber when the electromagnetic field is applied.

17. The magneto-optical switch of claim 16 , wherein the light beam passes between the second input optical fiber and the second output optical fiber when the electromagnetic field is removed and between the second input optical fiber and the first output optical fiber when the electromagnetic field is applied.

18. The magneto-optical switch of claim 10 , wherein the first Faraday rotator is configured to change the polarization of the light beams by a first amount when a first electromagnetic field is applied and by a second amount when a second electromagnetic field is applied.

19. A method of switching a pair of light beams between a first output and a second output comprising:

providing a light beam;

directing the light beam through a birefringent crystal;

separating the light beam into a first polarized beam and a second polarized beam where the first and second polarized beams have orthogonal polarizations;

changing the polarization of the first polarized beam such that the first and the second polarized beams have a same polarization;

determining whether to switch the first and the second polarized beams to a first output and changing the polarization of the first and second polarized beams to a first polarization if the first and second polarized beams are to be switched;

directing the first and second polarized beams to the first output if the first and second polarized beams have a first polarization; and

reflecting the first and second polarized beams to a second output if the first and second polarized beams have a second polarization.

20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising applying an electromagnetic field to the first and second polarized beams, wherein applying the electromagnetic field changes a polarization angle of the beams to the first polarization such that the polarization of the beams is parallel to an axis of incidence of a beam splitter.

21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising removing an electromagnetic field from the first and second polarized beams, wherein removing the electromagnetic field changes a polarization angle of the first and second polarized beams to the first polarization such that the polarization of the beams is parallel to an axis of incidence of a beam splitter.

22. The method of claim 19 , further comprising changing an electromagnetic field applied to the first and second polarized beams from a first field strength to a second field strength, wherein changing the electromagnetic field strength changes a polarization angle of the first and second polarized beams to the first polarization such that the polarization of the beams is parallel to an axis of incidence of a beam splitter.

23. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:

changing the polarization of the first and second polarized beams if the optical path of the first and second polarized beams is to be switched;

changing the polarization of the first polarized beam such that the first and second polarized beams have orthogonal polarizations;

directing the first and second polarized beams through a second birefringent crystal.

24. The method of claim 23 , further comprising directing the first and second polarized beams from the second birefringent crystal through a lensing element to combine the first and second polarized beams into a combined beam and focus the combined beam into the first output.

25. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:

providing a second light beam;

directing the second light beam through a second birefringent crystal;

separating the second light beam into a third polarized beam and a fourth polarized beam where the third and fourth polarized beams have orthogonal polarizations;

changing the polarization of the third polarized beam such that the third and the fourth polarized beams have a same polarization;

determining whether to switch the third and the fourth polarized beams to the second output and changing the polarization of the third and fourth polarized beams to a first polarization if the third and fourth polarized beams are to be switched;

directing the third and fourth polarized beams to the second output if the third and fourth polarized beams have a first polarization; and

reflecting the third and fourth polarized beams to the first output if the third and fourth polarized beams have a second polarization.

26. The method of claim 25 , further comprising applying a second electromagnetic field, wherein applying the second electromagnetic field changes a polarization angle of the third and fourth polarized beams such that the polarization of the third and fourth polarized beams is parallel to an axis of incidence of a beam splitter, whereby the third and fourth polarized beams are transmitted through the beam splitter.

27. The method of claim 19 , wherein reflecting the first and second polarized beams further comprises:

determining that the first and second polarized beams are not to be switched and reflecting the first and second polarized beams towards the second output;

changing the polarization of the first polarized beam such that the first and the second polarized beams have orthogonal polarizations; and

directing the first and second polarized beams through the first birefringent crystal.

28. The method of claim 27 , further comprising directing the first and second polarized beams through a first focus lens to combine the first and second polarized beams into a second combined beam and focusing the second combined beam into the seconed output.