Sample introduction system
A sample introduction system includes at least two, and preferably three, syringe pumps. The flow rates of two of the syringe pumps are varied, while keeping the overall flow rate constant. The sample introduction system is preferably utilized in an analytical instrument, such as to determine the concentration of an analyte in a sample.
1. A sample introduction system for an analytical instrument comprising:
a first fluid including a sample with an unknown concentration C s of an analyte of interest;
a second fluid including a calibration solution with a known concentration C c of said analyte of interest;
a third fluid including a diluent;
a first fluid dispensing device for dispensing the first fluid at a sample flow rate V s ;
a second fluid dispensing device for dispensing the second fluid at a calibration solution flow rate V c ;
a third fluid dispensing device for dispensing the third fluid at a diluent flow rate V d ; and
control means for automatically varying said calibration solution and diluent flow rates wherein the control means determines the unknown concentration C s of the analyte of interest.
2. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said control means is arranged to vary said calibration solution and diluent flow rates whilst maintaining a sum of said sample flow rate, said calibration solution flow rate and said diluent flow rate at a substantially constant value V.
3. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said control means increases said calibration solution flow rate and decreases said diluent flow rate.
4. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said control means increases said calibration solution flow rate and decreases said diluent flow rate in steps.
5. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said control means continuously increases said calibration solution flow rate whilst simultaneously continuously decreasing said diluent flow rate.
6. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said control means decreases said calibration solution flow rate and increases said diluent flow rate.
7. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein said control means decreases said calibration solution flow rate and increases said diluent flow rate in steps.
8. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein said control means continuously decreases said calibration solution flow rate whilst simultaneously continuously increasing said diluent flow rate.
9. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a mixing device for mixing first fluid dispensed from said first dispensing device with third fluid dispensed from said third dispensing device.
10. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 9 , further comprising a further mixing device for mixing a mixture of first and third fluids with second fluid dispensed from said second dispensing device.
11. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said diluent has substantially a 0% concentration of said analyte of interest.
12. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said first, second and third dispensing devices comprise syringe pumps.
13. A sample introduction system as claimed in claim 1 , in combination with a mass spectrometer, wherein said sample introduction system is arranged to introduce a sample to an ion source of the mass spectrometer.
14. An analytical instrument comprising:
a sample introduction system including:
a first fluid including a sample with an unknown concentration C s of an analyte of interest;
a second fluid including a calibration solution with a known concentration C c of said analyte of interest;
a third fluid including a diluent;
a first fluid dispensing device for dispensing the first fluid at a sample flow rate V s ;
a second fluid dispensing device for dispensing the second fluid at a calibration solution flow rate V c ;
a third fluid dispensing device for dispensing the third fluid at a diluent flow rate V d ; and
control means for automatically varying said calibration solution and diluent flow rates, wherein the control means determines the unknown concentration C s of the analyte of interest.
15. An analytical instrument as claimed in claim 14 , wherein said analytical instrument is selected from the group consisting of: (i) an Inductively Coupled Plasma (“ICP”) mass spectrometer; (ii) an Inductively Coupled Plasma optical analyser; (iii) a flame spectrophotometer; (iv) an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation (“APCI”) mass spectrometer; and (v) an Electrospray Ionisation (“ESI”) mass spectrometer.