Composite membrane and method for making the same
A composite membrane and method for making the same, comprising a porous support and a polyamide surface. The subject membrane provides improved flux and/or rejection rates. The subject membrane is further capable of operating at lower operating pressures. The subject method includes reacting a polyfunctional amine with a polyfunctional acyl halide to form a polyamide. The method includes the step of contacting a complexing agent with the polyfunctional acyl halide prior substantial reaction between the polyfunctional acyl halide and a polyfunctional amine. The subject process is easily adapted to commercial scale manufacturing processes and is particularly suited for making nanofiltration and reverse osmosis composite membranes.
1. A composite membrane comprising a polyamide layer fixed upon a porous support wherein to polyamide layer comprises a complexing agent having a solubility parameter of from about 15 to about 26 J 1/2 cm −3/2 and the complexing agent has a binding core selected from non-sulfur atoms selected from Groups IIIA-VIB and Periods 3-6 of the conventional IUPAC period table, wherein said complexing agent remains detectable within the polyamide layer after the membrane has been operated in reverse osmosis mode using pure water feed at a 24 gfd flux rate through the membrane with a permeate recovery between 0.5% to 25% at 25° C. for 24 hours.
2. The membrane of claim 1 wherein said polyamide layer includes at least 25 micrograms of said binding core per gram of polyamide.
3. The membrane of claim 2 wherein said polyamide layer includes at least 50 micrograms of said binding core per gram of polyamide.
4. The membrane of claim 3 wherein said polyamide layer includes at least 200 micrograms of said binding core per gram polyamide.
5. A composite membrane comprising a polyamide layer fixed upon a porous support wherein the polyamide layer comprises a complexing agent having a solubility parameter of front about 15 to about 26 J 1/2 cm −3/2 and the complexing agent has a binding core selected from non-sulfur metal, wherein said complexing agent remains detectable within the polyamide layer after the membrane has been operated in reverse osmosis mode using pure water feed at a 24 gfd flux rate through the membrane with a permeate recovery between 0.5% to 25% at 25° C. for 24 hours.
6. The membrane of claim 5 wherein said binding core is selected from at least one of the following elements: Al, Si, As, Sb, Se, Ta, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.
7. The membrane of claim 5 wherein said binding core is selected from: silicon and selenium.
8. The membrane of claim 5 wherein said binding core is phosphorous.
9. The membrane of claim 8 wherein the complexing agent is selected from at least on of the following classes of compounds: phosphates, phosphites, phosphines, phosphine oxides, phosphonates, diphosphonates, phosphinates, phosphinites, phosphonites, pyrophosphates, pyrophosphoramides, phosphor amides, phosphorothionates, phosphorodithionates, and phosphoramido thionates.