Process for forming a vitreous layer on a refractory surface
View Patent ↗A process for forming a vitreous layer on a refractory surface, in which a vitrifying agent is projected by means of an apparatus against the surface with an oxygen-containing carrier gas and simultaneously with a combustible gas, the latter generating a combustion flame, characterized in that the vitrifying agent comprises particles of cullet and in that the flame generated provides, at least partially, the heat needed to form the vitreous layer on the surface. The vitreous layer thus formed makes it possible to prevent the build-up, on the refractory walls of high-temperature ovens, of dust or by-products coming from the raw materials and/or their reaction products.
1. Process for forming a vitreous layer on a refractory surface, in which a vitrifying agent is projected by means of an apparatus against the said surface with an oxygen-containing carrier gas and simultaneously with a combustible gas, the latter generating a combustion flame, the vitrifying agent including particles of borosilicate cullet and the flame generated providing, at least partially, the heat needed to form the vitreous layer on the surface.
2. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 1 , including at least one of the following features (A) through (F):
(A) the carrier gas is oxygen;
(B) the combustible gas is selected from the group consisting of propane and acetylene;
(C) the cullet particles have a diameter of less than 2000 microns;
(D) the vitrifying agent comprises cullet and at least one additive;
(E) the vitrifying agent is projected onto a surface having a temperature of between 20 degrees and 1400 degrees Celsius;
(F) the refractory surface forms part of a coke oven.
3. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 2 , and including at least two of the aforementioned features (A) through (F).
4. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 2 , and including at least three of the aforementioned features (A) through (F).
5. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 2 , wherein feature (D) is included and further characterized by at least one of the following features (G) through (I):
(G) the vitrifying agent contains at least 40% by weight of cullet;
(H) at least one additive is a metal oxide;
(I) at least one additive is a metal.
6. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 5 , wherein feature (H) is included and wherein the diameter of the metal oxide particles does not exceed 2000 microns.
7. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 6 , wherein feature (H) is included and wherein the metal oxide is at least one of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , ground AZS refractory, and TiO 2 .
8. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 5 , wherein feature (I) is included, and wherein the diameter of the metal particles does not exceed 50 microns.
9. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 5 , wherein feature (I) is included, and wherein the metal is at least one of aluminum and silicon.
10. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 5 , including all of the features (G) through (I).
11. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 1 , wherein the borosilicate cullet contains, by weight, 55%-75% SiO 2 , 0%-10% Al 2 O 3 , 0%-10% CaO, 0%-10% Na 2 O, 0%-5% K 2 O, and 5%-15% B 2 O 3 .
12. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 11 , wherein the borosilicate cullet further includes one or more of TiO 2 , BaO, ZnO and Fe 2 O 3 .
13. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 1 , characterized by at least one of the following features (A) through (B):
(A) the vitrifying agent is projected by means of an apparatus comprising a single tubular lance having a central duct, via which the vitrifying agent and the oxygen-containing carrier gas are delivered, and at least one peripheral duct via which the combustible gas is delivered;
(B) the vitrifying agent is sprayed by means of an apparatus comprising a lance fitted with a convergent/divergent nozzle.
14. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 13 , wherein feature (B) is included and wherein the lance is placed at a distance of less than 100 mm from the refractory surface.
15. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 1 , characterized in that the cullet particles have a diameter of less than 600 microns.
16. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 1 , characterized in that the vitrifying agent is projected onto a surface having a temperature of between 800 degrees and 1100 degrees Celsius.
17. Process for forming a vitreous layer on a refractory surface, in which a vitrifying agent is projected by means of an apparatus against the said surface with an oxygen-containing carrier gas and simultaneously with a combustible gas, the latter generating a combustion flame, the vitrifying agent including particles of soda-lime cullet containing, by weight, 55%-75% SiO 2 , 0%-7% Al 2 O 3 , 0%-5% B 2 O 3 , 0%-16% CaO, 0%-10% MgO, 10%-20% Na 2 O, 0%-10% K 2 O, 0%-10% BaO, 0%-10% SrO, 0%-5% ZrO 2 , and the flame generated providing, at least partially, the heat needed to form the vitreous layer on the surface.
18. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 17 , wherein the soda-lime cullet further includes coloring agents.
19. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 17 , characterized by at least one of the following features (A) through (F):
(A) the carrier gas is oxygen;
(B) the combustible gas is selected from the group consisting of propane and acetylene;
(C) the cullet particles have a diameter of less than 2000 microns;
(D) the vitrifying agent comprises cullet and at least one additive;
(E) the vitrifying agent is projected onto a surface having a temperature of between 20 degrees and 1400 degrees Celsius;
(F) the refractory surface forms part of a coke oven.
20. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 19 , and including at least two of the aforementioned features (A) through (F).
21. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 19 , and including at least three of the aforementioned features (A) through (F).
22. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 19 , wherein feature (D) is included and characterized by at least one of the following features (G) through (I):
(G) the vitrifying agent contains at least 40% by weight of cullet;
(H) at least one additive is a metal oxide;
(I) at least one additive is a metal.
23. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 22 , wherein feature (H) is included and wherein the diameter of the metal oxide particles does not exceed 2000 microns.
24. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 23 , wherein feature (H) is included and wherein the metal oxide is at least one of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , ground AZS refractory, and TiO 2 .
25. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 22 , wherein feature (I) is included, and wherein the diameter of the metal particles does not exceed 50 microns.
26. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 22 , wherein feature (I) is included, and wherein the metal is at least one of aluminum and silicon.
27. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 22 , including all of the features (G) through (I).
28. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 17 , characterized by at least one of the following features (A) through (B):
(A) the vitrifying agent is projected by means of an apparatus comprising a single tubular lance having a central duct, via which the vitrifying agent and the oxygen-containing carrier gas are delivered, and at least one peripheral duct via which the combustible gas is delivered;
(B) the vitrifying agent is sprayed by means of an apparatus comprising a lance fitted with a convergent/divergent nozzle.
29. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 28 , wherein feature (B) is included and wherein the lance is place at a distance of less than 100 mm from the refractory surface.
30. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 17 , characterized in that the cullet particles have a diameter of less than 600 microns.
31. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 17 , characterized in that the vitrifying agent is projected onto a surface having a temperature of between 800 degrees and 1100 degrees Celsius.
32. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 7 , wherein the vitrifying agent is projected by means of an apparatus comprising a single tubular lance having a central duct, via which the vitrifying agent arid the oxygen-containing carrier gas are delivered, and one or more pheripheral ducts in which an oxygen-containing gas is mixed with the combustible gas.
33. Process for forming a vitreous layer on a refractory surface, in which a vitrifying agent is projected by means of an apparatus against the said surface with an oxygen-containing carrier gas and simultaneously with a combustible gas, the latter generating a combustion flame, wherein the vitrifying agent comprises particles of cullet and in that the flame generated provides, at least partially, the heat needed to form the vitreous layer on the surface, characterized by the following features (A) through (G):
(A) the carrier gas is oxygen;
(B) the combustible gas is selected from the group consisting of propane and acetylene;
(C) the vitrifying agent comprises at least one of soda-lime cullet and borosilicate cullet;
(D) the cullet particles have a diameter of less than 2000 microns;
(E) the vitrifying agent comprises cullet and at least one additive;
(F) the vitrifying agent is projected onto a surface having a temperature of between 20 degrees and 1400 degrees Celsius;
(G) the refractory surface forms part of a coke oven.
34. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 33 , wherein the vitrifying agent is projected by means of an apparatus comprising a single tubular lance having a central duct, via which the vitrifying agent and the oxygen-containing carrier gas are delivered, and one or more peripheral ducts in which an oxygen-containing gas is mixed with combustible gas.
35. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 33 , characterized in that the cullet particles have a diameter of less than 600 microns.
36. Process for forming a vitreous layer according to claim 33 , characterized in that the vitrifying agent is projected Onto a surface having a temperature of between 800 degrees and 1100 degrees Celsius.