Lithium-based active materials and preparation thereof
View Patent ↗The invention provides novel active material represented by the general formula Li a MI 1-y MII y PO 4 , wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Mn, V, Sn, Ti, Cr, and mixtures thereof; MII is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, and a mixture thereof; a is about 1; and 0<y<1, which, upon electrochemical interaction, releases lithium ions, and is capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel active material, wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, V, Sn, Ti, Cr, and mixtures thereof. Methods for making the novel active material and methods for using such a material in electrochemical cells are also provided.
1. An electrode comprising a compound represented by the nominal general formula:
Li a Fe 1-y M y PO 4 ,
wherein a is about 1; M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; and 0<y<1.
2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said compound has an olivine crystal structure.
3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein 0<y≦0.5.
4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein 0<y≦0.2.
5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein 0<y≦0.1.
6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein said electrode further comprises an electrically conductive carbonaceous material.
7. The electrode of claim 6 , wherein said electrode further comprises a binder.
8. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
9. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Ba, and mixtures thereof.
10. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, and Ba.
11. The electrode of claim 10 , wherein said electrode further comprises an electrically conductive carbonaceous material.
12. The electrode of claim 9 , wherein said electrode further comprises a binder.
13. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein M is Ca.
14. The electrode of claim 13 , wherein 0<y≦0.5.
15. The electrode of claim 13 , wherein 0<y≦0.2.
16. The electrode of claim 13 , wherein 0<y≦0.1.
17. The electrode of claim 11 , wherein said electrode further comprises ar electrically conductive carbonaceous material.
18. The electrode of claim 17 , wherein said electrode further comprises a binder.
19. A battery, comprising:
a first electrode comprising an active material represented by the nominal general formula:
Li a Fe 1-y M y PO 4 ,
wherein a is about 1, M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof, and 0<y<1;
a second electrode which is a counter-electrode to said first electrode; and
an electrolyte.
20. The battery of claim 19 , wherein said active material has an olivine crystal structure.
21. The battery of claim 19 , wherein said second electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, metal chalcogenide, carbon, graphite, and mixtures thereof.
22. The battery of claim 19 , wherein said first electrode further comprises an electrically conductive carbonaceous material.
23. The battery of claim 19 , wherein 0<y≦0.5.
24. The battery of claim 19 , wherein 0<y≦0.2.
25. The battery of claim 19 , wherein 0<y≦0.1.
26. The battery of claim 19 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
27. The battery of claim 19 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Ba, and mixtures thereof.
28. The battery of claim 19 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, and Ba.
29. The battery of claim 19 , wherein M is Ca.
30. The battery of claim 29 , wherein 0<y≦0.5.
31. The battery of claim 29 , wherein 0<y≦0.2.
32. The battery of claim 29 , wherein 0<y≦0.1.
33. The battery of claim 29 , wherein said second electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, metal chalcogenide, carbon, graphite, and mixtures thereof.
34. The battery of claim 33 , wherein said first electrode further comprises an electrically conductive carbonaceous material.