Saccharide-based resin for the preparation of foam

1. A foam prepared from a resin comprising:

a. one or more saccharides;

b. one or more isocyanates;

c. one or more resin polyols; and

d. water,

wherein the one or more polyols comprise 1,2-propoylene glycol.

2. The foam of claim 1 wherein the foam is a polyurethane foam.

3. The foam of claim 2 wherein the polyurethane foam is flexible.

4. The foam of claim 2 wherein the polyurethane foam is rigid.

5. The foam of claim 1 wherein the one or more saccharides comprise from about 25 to about 65 weight percent of the resin; the one or more isocyanates comprise from greater than about 15 to less than about 100 weight percent of the resin; the one or more resin polyols comprise in an amount from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the resin, and the water comprises any remaining weight percent of the resin.

6. The foam of claim 1 wherein the one or more saccharides comprise a polysaccharide.

7. The foam of claim 6 wherein the polysaccharide comprises corn syrup.

8. The foam of claim 1 wherein the one or more isocyanates comprise a polyisocyanate.

9. The resin of claim 8 wherein the polyisocyanate comprises a diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

10. The foam of claim 1 further comprising the reaction product of one or more foam polyols with the resin.

11. The foam of claim 10 having an isocyanate index of less than about 100.

12. The foam of claim 10 wherein the reaction product further comprises one or more catalysts, one or more blowing agents, or both.

13. A method for preparing a foam comprising:

(A) forming a resin by:

a. mixing one or mare saccharides with one or more isocyanates; and

b. then mixing the one or more saccharides and the one or more isocyanates with water; and

(B) admixing one or more foam polyols to the resin,

wherein the one or more polyols comprise 1,2-propylene glycol.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the one or more saccharides comprise a polysaccharide.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the polysaccharide comprises corn syrup.

16. The method of claim 13 further comprising mixing the one or more isocyanates with one or more resin polyols prior to step (a).

17. A method for manufacturing a foam derived from an isocyanate, comprising replacing all or a portion of the isocyanate with a resin comprising:

a. one or more saccharides;

b. one or mare isocyanates;

c. one or more resin polyols; and

d. water,

wherein the one or more polyols comprise 1,2-propylene glycol.

18. An article of manufacture comprising a foam prepared from a resin comprising:

a. one or more saccharides;

b. one or more isocyanates;

c. one or more resin polyols; and

d. water,

wherein the one or more polyols comprise 1,2-propylene glycol.

19. The article of manufacture of claim 18 wherein said article is a rigid foam sheet suitable for use in construction of a structure.

20. In a composition of matter derived from an isocyanate reaction, replacing all or a portion of the isocyanate with a rain comprising one or more saccharides and 1.2-propylene glycol.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the one or more saccharides react to form a hemiacetal prior to the isocyanate reaction.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein the resin further comprises one or more isocyanates and water.

23. The method of claim 20 wherein the composition of matter is foam.

24. In a process for manufacturing foam from the reaction of an isocyanate with a polyol, forming a hemiacetal from one or more saccharides added to the foam prior to the reaction of the isocyanate and the polyol, wherein the one or more polyols comprises 1,2-propylene glycol.

25. Polyurethane foam comprising one or more saccharides and one or more polyols, wherein the one or more polyols comprise 1,2-propylene glycol.