Retinal image display device
A retinal image scanning device is provided with at least one light source that emits a light beam, an intensity modulating system that modulates the intensity of the light beam emitted by said at least one light source in accordance with a video signal, an optical system that directs the light beam to a pupil of an observer, a scanning system that scans the light beam in a first direction and in a second direction which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction so that a two-dimensional image frame defined by the first and second directions is formed on a retinal of the observer, and a wavefront curvature modulating system that modulates a wavefront curvature of the light beam when the light beam is scanned in at least one of the first direction and the second direction.
1. A retinal image scanning device, comprising:
at least one light source that emits a light beam;
an intensity modulating system that modulates the intensity of the light beam emitted by said at least one light source in accordance with a video signal;
an optical system that directs the light beam to a pupil of an observer;
a scanning system that scans the light beam incident on the pupil of the observer, and effects horizontal and vertical scanning of the light beam in accordance with a vertical synchronizing signal and a horizontal synchronizing signal so that a two-dimensional image frame is formed on a retina of the observer, and switching the image frame with time, to display images on the retina of the observer;
a wavefront curvature modulating system that modulates a wavefront curvature of the light beam synchronously with a synchronizing signal that makes at least one of the scanning in a horizontal direction and the scanning in a vertical direction start.
2. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 1 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the wavefront curvature of the light beam when it is scanned in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction.
3. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 2 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the wavefront curvature of the light beam continuously while the light beam is scanned within a scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction.
4. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 3 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the wavefront curvature trigonometrically.
5. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 4 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system includes a movable element and a piezoelectric actuator, said piezoelectric actuator being controlled to move trigonometrically.
6. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 3 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the wavefront curvature of the light beam in one direction during one scanning in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction.
7. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 6 , wherein the wavefront curvature of the light beam at one end portion within a scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction corresponds to a relatively closer object, the wavefront curvature of the light beam at the other end portion within the scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction corresponding to a relatively more distant object.
8. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 3 , wherein the wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the light beam such that the wavefront curvature of the light beam at a central portion within a scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction represents an object at a depth different from an object at a location represented by the wavefront curvature of the light beam at end portions within the scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction.
9. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 8 , wherein the wavefront curvature of the light beam at a central portion within a scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction represents an object relatively closer than an object at a location represented by the wavefront curvature of the light beam at end portions within the scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction.
10. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 1 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the wavefront curvature of the light beam when it is scanned both in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction.
11. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 10 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the wavefront curvature of the light beam continuously while the light beam is scanned within a scanning range both in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
12. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 11 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the wavefront curvature trigonometrically.
13. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 12 , wherein said wavefront curvature modulating system includes a movable element and a piezoelectric actuator, said piezoelectric actuator being controlled to move trigonometrically.
14. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 11 , wherein the wavefront curvature of the light beam at one end portion within a scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction corresponds to a relatively closer object, the wavefront curvature of the light beam at the other end portion within the scanning range in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction corresponding to a relatively more distant object.
15. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 14 , wherein in the at least one of the vertical and horizontal direction is a vertical direction.
16. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 14 , wherein the wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the light beam such that the wavefront curvature of the light beam at a central portion within a scanning range in the horizontal direction represents an object at a depth different from an object at a location represented by the wavefront curvature of the light beam at end portions within the scanning range in the horizontal direction.
17. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 16 , wherein the wavefront curvature of the light beam at a central portion within a scanning range in the horizontal direction represents an object relatively closer than an object at a location represented by the wavefront curvature of the light beam at end portions within the scanning range in the horizontal direction.
18. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 16 ,
wherein, for the one end portion within the scanning range in the vertical direction, the wavefront curvature of the light beam in the horizontal scanning direction is changed minimally, and
wherein, for the other end portion within the scanning range in the vertical direction, the wavefront curvature of the light beam in the horizontal scanning direction is changed such that the wavefront curvature of the light beam at a central portion within the scanning range in the horizontal direction represents an object/at a depth different from an object at a location represented by the wavefront curvature of the light beam at end portions within the scanning range in the horizontal direction.
19. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 1 , further comprising a synchronizing signal generating system that outputs a vertical synchronizing signal having a vertical frequency and a horizontal synchronizing signal having a horizontal frequency, said scanning system scans the light beam in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction synchronously with the vertical and horizontal synchronizing signals, respectively.
20. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 19 , wherein the horizontal frequency is higher than the vertical frequency, said wavefront curvature modulating system modulating the wavefront curvature of the light beam such that the wavefront curvature changes minimally in the horizontal direction, and the wavefront curvature changes in the vertical direction.
21. A retinal image scanning device according to claim 1 , wherein the wavefront curvature modulating system modulates the wavefront curvature of the light beam synchronously with the vertical synchronizing signal when the light beam is scanned in the vertical direction.
22. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 21 , wherein a vertical period, which is a reciprocal number of the vertical frequency, of the vertical synchronizing signal is substantially equal to a period of modulation, in the vertical direction, performed by said wavefront modulating system.
23. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 21 , wherein a vertical period, which is a reciprocal number of the vertical frequency, of the vertical synchronizing signal is substantially a half period of modulation, in the vertical direction, performed by said wavefront modulating system.
24. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 21 , wherein a horizontal period, which is a reciprocal number of the horizontal frequency, of the horizontal synchronizing signal is substantially equal to a period of modulation, in the horizontal direction, performed by said wavefront modulating system.
25. The retinal image scanning device according to claim 24 , wherein a vertical period, which is a reciprocal number of the vertical frequency, of the vertical synchronizing signal is substantially a half a period of modulation, in the vertical direction, performed by said wavefront modulating system.
26. A retinal image scanning device, comprising:
at least one light source that emits a light beam;
an intensity modulating system that modulates the intensity of the light beam emitted by said at least one light source in accordance with a video signal supplied from an external device;
an optical system that directs the light beam to a pupil of an observer;
a scanning system scans the light beam incident on the pupil of the observer, and that effects horizontal and vertical scanning of the light beam in accordance with a vertical synchronizing signal and a horizontal synchronizing signal so that a two-dimensional image frame is formed on a retina of the observer, and switching the image frame with time, to display images on the retina of the observer;
a circuit that supplies a depth signal used for controlling a wavefront curvature of the light beam during at least one of the vertical and horizontal scanning of the light beam, a period of modulation of the wavefront curvature being set to be substantially twice of or equal to the at least one of the vertical and horizontal synchronizing signal, the depth signal being generated in accordance with the video signal; and
a wavefront curvature modulating system that modulates a wavefront curvature of the light beam synchronously with a synchronizing signal that makes at least one of the scanning in a horizontal direction and the scanning in a vertical direction start.
27. A retinal image scanning device, comprising:
at least one light source that emits a light beam;
an intensity modulating system that modulates the intensity of the light beam emitted by said at least one light source in accordance with a video signal;
an optical system that directs the light beam to a pupil of an observer;
a scanning system that scans the light beam incident on the pupil of the observer, and effects horizontal and vertical scanning of the light beam in accordance with a vertical synchronizing signal and a horizontal synchronizing signal so that a two-dimensional image frame is formed on a retina of the observer, and switching the image frame with time, to display images on the retina of the observer;
a wavefront curvature modulating system that modulates a wavefront curvature of the light beam,
wherein the wavefront curvature modulating system operates such that the wavefront curvature of the light beam forming the same image frame is substantially constant, the wavefront curvature of the light beam being changed only when frame images are switched from one to another.