Integrated X-ray source module
View Patent ↗Described is a self-contained, small, lightweight, power-efficient and radiation-shielded module that includes a miniature vacuum X-ray tube emitting X-rays of a controlled intensity and defined spectrum. Feedback control circuits are used to monitor and maintain the beam current and voltage. The X-ray tube, high-voltage power supply, and the resonant converter are encapsulated in a solid high-voltage insulating material. The module can be configured into complex geometries and can be powered by commercially available small, compact, low-voltage batteries.
1. A radiation-shielded X-ray module comprising:
an X-ray tube that emits X-rays;
a high voltage power supply coupled to said X-ray tube that supplies a high voltage for use with said X-ray tube; and
electrical connection that connects the X-ray tube to the high voltage power supply, wherein the X-ray tube and the high voltage power supply are encapsulated in a solid, electrically-insulating encapsulant containing a radio-opaque material distributed within the encapsulant, the encapsulant being in direct contact with substantially the entire X-ray tube and the high voltage power supply, the encapsulant being substantially free from entrained air.
2. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 1 , farther comprising:
a resonant converter that drives said high voltage power supply via an amplitude modulated waveform drive at a substantially resonant frequency.
3. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 2 , further comprising:
a step up transformer connected to said resonant converter; and
a high-voltage multiplier driven by said step up transformer.
4. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 1 , wherein said radio-opaque material includes at least one of: tungsten oxide, lead oxide, calcium carbonate, a lead compound, a tungsten compound, and alumina.
5. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 1 , wherein an amount of said radio-opaque material is in accordance with a predetermined degree of radiation attenuation.
6. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 1 , further comprising:
a thin conductive layer over said solid, electrically insulating encapsulant to provide electric shielding.
7. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 6 , wherein said thin conductive layer is formed from one of: a conductive metallic paint, a thin metal foil, and a metallized polymer.
8. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 7 , wherein said thin conductive layer is formed from a thin metal foil made from at least one of: copper and aluminum.
9. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 8 wherein said thin metal foil is adhered directly to said solid, electrically insulating encapsulant using an adhesive.
10. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 1 wherein the solid, electrically insulating encapsulant is molded into a complex shape.
11. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 1 , wherein the X-ray tube and the high-voltage power supply are connected by a coaxial cable.
12. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 1 , wherein the radiation-shielded X-ray module is included in a portable X-ray instrument.
13. A radiation-shielded X-ray module comprising:
an X-ray tube that emits X-rays;
a high-voltage power supply coupled to said X-ray tube that supplies a high voltage for use with said X-ray tube; and
electrical connection that connects the X-ray tube to the high voltage power supply, wherein the X-ray tube is encapsulated in a solid, electrically-insulating encapsulant containing a radio-opaque material distributed within the encapsulant, the encapsulant being in direct contact with substantially the entire X-ray tube, the encapsulant being substantially free of entrained air.
14. The radiation shielded X-ray module of claim 13 , wherein the radiation-shielded X-ray module is included in a portable X-ray instrument.
15. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 13 , further comprising:
a resonant converter that drives said high voltage power supply via an amplitude modulated waveform drive at a substantially resonant frequency.
16. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 15 , further comprising:
a step up transformer connected to said resonant converter; and
a high-voltage multiplier driven by said step up transformer.
17. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 13 , wherein said radio-opaque material includes at least one of: tungsten oxide, lead oxide, calcium carbonate, a lead compound, a tungsten compound, lead, tungsten, alumina, and any combination of the foregoing materials.
18. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 13 , wherein an amount of said radio-opaque material is in accordance with a predetermined degree of radiation attenuation.
19. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 13 comprising: a thin conductive layer over said solid, electrically insulating encapsulant to provide electrical shielding.
20. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 19 , wherein said thin conductive layer is formed from one of: a conductive metallic paint, a thin metal foil, and a metallized polymer.
21. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 20 , wherein said thin conductive layer is formed from a thin metal foil made from at least one of: copper and aluminum.
22. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 21 , wherein said thin metal foil is adhered directly to said solid, electrically insulating encapsulant using an adhesive.
23. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 13 , wherein the solid, electrically insulating encapsulant is molded into a complex shape.
24. The radiation-shielded X-ray module of claim 13 , wherein the X-ray tube and the high-voltage power supply are connected by a coaxial cable.
25. A radiation-shielded X-ray module comprising:
an X-ray tube that emits X-rays;
a high voltage power supply coupled to said X-ray tube that supplies a high voltage for use with said X-ray tube; and
electrical connection that connects the X-ray tube to the high voltage power supply, wherein the X-ray tube is substantially entirely encapsulated in a solid, electrically-insulating encapsulant containing a radio-opaque material distributed within the encapsulant, the encapsulant being in direct contact with the X-ray tube and substantially free of entrained air and wherein the high voltage power supply is encapsulated in a solid, electrically insulating encapsulant not containing a radio-opaque material distributed therein.