Polymers based on fluoranthene and their use

1. A polymer, comprising:

repeating units of the formula I:

wherein the variables are defined as follows:

a is an integer from 0 to 3,

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are identical or different and are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl containing one or more Si, N, P, O or S atoms, C 6 -C 30 -aryl, C 4 -C 14 -heteroaryl containing at least one S or N atom, —N(C 6 -C 14 -aryl) 2 , and Y 1 ,

wherein Y 1 may be identical or different and is selected from the group consisting of —CH═CH 2 , trans- CH═CH—C 6 H 5 , cis—CH═CH—C 6 H 5 , acryloyl, methacryloyl, methylstyryl, —O—CH═CH 2 , glycidyl,

wherein Y 2 is selected from the group consisting of —CH═CH 2 , trans-CH═CH—C 6 H 5 , cis-CH═CH—C 6 H 5 , acryloyl, methacryloyl, methylstyryl, —O—CH═CH 2 , glycidyl, and one or more groups Y 1 or Y 2 may be crosslinked to one another.

2. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , comprising;

repeating units of the formula Ia:

wherein a is 0 or 1 and the other variables are as defined above.

3. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , comprising: from 1 to 10 repeating units of the formula I.

4. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , wherein a is 0.

5. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , comprising from 2 to 4 repeating units of the formula I.

6. A process for preparing a polymer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , which comprises:

reacting one or more monomers of the formula II:

with one another in the presence of a nickel or palladium compound, wherein the variables R 1 to R 3 and a are as defined above,

X 1 and X 2 are identical or different and are selected from the group consisting of halogen, esterified sulfonate and boron-containing radicals of the formula —B(O—[C(R 6 ) 2 ] n )—O), wherein R 6 are identical or different and are each, depending on one another, hydrogen or C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, and n is an integer from 2 to 10;

with the proviso that

a) either a monomer of the formula II in which

X 1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen and esterified sulfonate, and

X 2 is at least one boron-containing radical,

is used, or

b) at least two different monomers of the formula II of which

one monomer has i) two halogen, ii) two esterified sulfonate groups or iii) one halogen and one esterified sulfonate group, and

the other monomer has two boron-containing radicals —B(O—[C(R 6 ) 2 ] n )—O), are used, and

wherein the molar ratio of the sum of halogen and esterified sulfonate to boron-containing radicals is from 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.

7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein one or more monomers of the formula IIa:

are reacted with one another.

8. The process as claimed in claim 7 , wherein R 1 to R 3 in the formula IIa are each hydrogen.

9. The process as claimed in any of claim 6 , wherein Pd is present in the oxidation state 0.

10. A process for preparing a polymer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , which comprises:

photochemically or thermally polymerizing monomers of the formula VI:

wherein at least 2 of the radicals R 1 to R 3 are each Y 1 , and Y 1 are identical or different and are selected from the group consisting of —CH═CH 2 , trans-CH═CH—C 6 H 5 , cis-CH═CH—C 6 H 5 , acryloyl, methacryloyl, a-methystyryl, para-methylstyryl, —O—CH═CH 2 , glycidyl,

wherein Y 2 is selected from among the group consisting of acryloyl, methacryloyl, a-methylstyryl, para-methylstyryl, O—CH═CH 2 and glycidyl.

11. The process as claimed in claim 10 , wherein monomers of the formula VIa:

are thermally or photochemically polymerized with one another.

12. A film, comprising: a polymer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 .

13. The polymer as claimed in claim 2 , comprising: from 1 to 10 repeating units of the formula Ia.

14. The polymer as claimed in claim 2 , comprising from 2 to 4 repeating units of the formula Ia.