Ultrasonic detection of porous medium characteristics
Plate waves are used to determine the presence of defects within a porous medium, such as a membrane. An acoustic wave can be propagated through a porous medium to create a plate wave within the medium. The plate wave creates fast compression waves and slow compression waves within the medium that relate to the material and structural properties of the medium. The fast compression wave provides information about the total porosity of a medium. While the slow compression wave provides information about the presence of defects in the medium or the types of materials that form the medium.
1. A method for determining a porous film characteristic comprising the steps of:
a) acoustically coupling at least one transducer to a porous film;
b) producing a plate wave in the porous film by propagating an acoustic wave within the porous film;
c) obtaining a representative signal for the porous film, distinguishing a fast compression wave and a slow compression wave in the porous film;
d) determining the porous film characteristic from the representative signal.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising acoustically coupling the at least one transducer to the porous film at an angle relative to the surface of the porous film.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising acoustically coupling the at least one transducer to the porous film along an axis parallel to the surface of the porous film.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising impedance matching the at least one transducer to the porous film material.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising attaching an epoxy resin coupling device having a glass particle filler between the at least one transducer and the porous film.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the characteristic of the porous film comprises determining the material properties of the porous film.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the characteristic of the porous film comprises determining the total porosity of the porous film.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the characteristic of the porous film comprises determining the presence of a defect in the porous film.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the defect is less than about one wavelength in size.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining the time difference between the fast compression wave and the slow compression wave.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of determining the characteristic of the porous film comprises determining the total porosity of the porous film.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of determining the characteristic of the porous film comprises determining the presence of a defect in the porous film.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one surface of the porous film contacts a liquid medium.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one surface of the porous film contacts a gaseous medium.
15. The method of claim 1 further comprising coupling a second transducer normal to a surface of the porous film.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising determining the porosity of the porous film.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising determining the pore size of the porous film.
18. The method of claim 1 further comprising comparing the representative signal for the porous film with a reference signal from a reference porous film.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the porous film is a membrane.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining a representative signal for the porous film includes distinguishing a slow compression wave in the porous film and the step of determining the porous film characteristic from the representative signal includes analyzing the slow compression wave.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining a representative signal for the porous film includes distinguishing a fast compression wave in the porous film and the step of determining the porous film characteristic from the representative signal includes analyzing the fast compression wave.
22. A method for determining a material characteristic of a porous film comprising the steps of:
a) acoustically coupling at least one transducer to a porous film;
b) producing a plate wave in the porous film by propagating a sound wave within the porous film;
c) distinguishing a slow compression wave in the porous film; and
d) analyzing the slow compression wave to determine the material characteristic of the porous film.
23. A method for determining the total porosity in a porous film comprising the steps of:
a) acoustically coupling at least one transducer to a porous film;
b) producing a plate wave in the porous film by propagating a sound wave within the porous film;
c) distinguishing a fast compression wave in the porous film; and
d) analyzing the fast compression wave to determine the total porosity of the porous film.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plate wave is a Leaky Lamb wave.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the plate wave is a Leaky Lamb wave.
26. The method of claim 23 ,wherein the plate wave is a Leaky Lamb wave.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein a free boundary surface of the film is about 10 wavelengths or less of an elastic disturbance.
28. The method of claim 22 , wherein a free boundary surface of the film is about 10 wavelengths or less of an elastic disturbance.
29. The method of claim 23 , wherein a free boundary surface of the film is about 10 wavelengths or less of an elastic disturbance.