Dye compositions which provide enhanced differential fluorescence and light scatter characteristics
A composition for enhancing differential staining of RNA, DNA and granules in a sample comprising cells contains a first fluorescent dye that can bind specific binding sites and non-specific binding sites in the sample. This first dye emits fluorescence at a first wavelength. The composition contains at least an additional component, which is a second non-intercalating dye in the composition that competes with said first dye for binding to the nonspecific binding sites, or a permeabilizing agent to enhance permabilization of the dyes into the cells, or both. The molar ratio of the second dye and the first dye is at least about 20:1.
1. A composition for enhancing differential staining of RNA, DNA and granules in a sample comprising cells, said composition comprising:
a first fluorescent dye that can bind specific binding sites and non-specific binding sites in said sample, said first dye emitting fluorescence at a first wavelength; and
a second non-intercalating dye that competes with said first dye for binding to said nonspecific binding sites, said second dye emitting fluorescence at a second wavelength different from said first wavelength, wherein the molar ratio of said second dye and said first dye is at least about 20:1.
2. A composition for enhancing differential staining of RNA, DNA and granules in a sample comprising cells, said composition comprising:
a first fluorescent metachromatic dye that can bind specific binding sites and non-specific binding sites in said sample, said first dye emitting fluorescence at a first wavelength; and
a second non-intercalating dye that competes with said first dye for binding to said nonspecific binding sites, said second dye emitting fluorescence at a second wavelength different from said first wavelength, wherein the molar ratio of said second dye and said first dye is at least about 20:1.
3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said metachromatic dye is a dye selected from the group consisting of Acridine Orange dye, nonyl Acridine Orange dye, Acridine Red dye, Toluidine Blue dye, SYTO™ dye, TOTO™ dye, YOYO™ dye, and BOBO™ dye.
4. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said metachromatic dye is cell permeant.
5. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said metachromatic dye is a cell-impermeant dye and wherein said composition further comprises a cell permeabilizing or sphering agent.
6. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said metachromatic dye is an intercalating dye.
7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said first dye is propidium iodide or Thiazole Orange dye.
8. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said metachromatic dye is a non-intercalating dye.
9. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said first dye is a non-metachromatic dye.
10. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said first dye is a cell permeant dye.
11. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein said first dye is a cell-impermeant dye and wherein said composition further comprises a permeabilizing or sphering agent.
12. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein said non-metachromatic dye is selected from the group consisting of Neutral Red dye, Basic Orange 21 dye, DiOC dye and combinations thereof.
13. The composition according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein said second dye is selected from the group consisting of 2′-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-peperazinyl)-2,5-bis- 1 H-benzimidazole trihydrochloride pentahydrate bisbenzimide; Hoechst 34580; 2′-(ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-peperazinyl)-2,5-bis- 1 H-benzoimdazole trihydrochloride trihydrate bisbenzimide; 4′,6-bis-[2-imidazoxolinyl-4H,5H]-2-phenyl-indole; Pentoxiphilline, Phloxine B, Eosin Y; Quinacrine; Orcein; bis-Benzimide; and combinations thereof.
14. The composition according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the molar ratio of said second dye to said first dye is between about 20:1 to about 500:1.
15. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein the molar ratio of said second dye to said first dye is between about 50:1 to about 300:1.
16. The composition according to claim 15 , wherein the molar ratio of said second dye to said first dye is about 100:1.
17. The composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a third dye.
18. The composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a permeabilizing agent or a sphering agent.
19. The composition according to claim 2 , further comprising a permeabilizing agent or a sphering agent.
20. The composition according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising a solvent.
21. The composition according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein said cells in said sample are mammalian cells.
22. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said cells are selected from the group consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, reticulocytes, blast cells, nucleated red blood cells, basophils, mast cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, platelets, and combinations thereof.
23. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said first dye is Acridine Orange and said second dye is selected from the group consisting of 2′-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-peperazinyl)-2,5 -bis-1 H-benzimidazole trihydrochloride pentahydrate benzimide blocking agent and 2′-(ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-peperazinyl)-2,5-bis-1 H-benzoimidazole trihydrochloride trihydrate bisbenzimide blocking agent, wherein said molar ratio is about 100:1.
24. The composition according to claim 23 , further comprising a permeabilizing agent or a sphering agent.
25. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein said first dye is Acridine Orange or TOTO™ dye, and wherein said composition further comprises a permeabilizing agent or a sphering agent.
26. A method for enhancing differential staining of RNA, DNA and granules in a sample comprising cells, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said sample with the composition of claim 1 or claim 2 , and
(b) analyzing said sample to detect differential expression of said RNA, DNA and granules in said sample.
27. The method according to claim 26 , further comprising the step of permeabilizing said cells to penetration of dyes in said composition before contacting step (a).
28. The method according to claim 26 , wherein said cells are selected from the group consisting of reticulocytes, blast cells, and nucleated red blood cells.
29. The method according to claim 26 , wherein said cells are selected from the group consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, reticulocytes, blast cells, nucleated red blood cells, basophils, mast cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, platelets and combinations thereof.
30. A diagnostic kit for enhancing differential staining of RNA, DNA and granules in a sample comprising cells, said kit comprising:
(a) a first fluorescent metachromatic dye that can bind specific binding sites and non-specific binding sites in said sample, said first dye emitting fluorescence at a first wavelength; and
(b) a second non-intercalating dye that competes with said first dye for binding to said nonspecific binding sites, said second dye emitting fluorescence at a second wavelength different from said first wavelength, wherein the molar ratio of said second dye and said first dye is at least about 20:1.
31. The kit according to claim 30 , further comprising a permeabilizing agent to enhance permeabilization of said dyes into said cells or a sphering agent.
32. The kit according to claim 30 , wherein said first dye is the Acridine Orange dye and said second dye is 2′-(ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1 -peperazinyl)-2,5-bis-1 H-benzoimidazole trihydrochloride trihydrate bisbenzimide.
33. The kit according to claim 30 , further comprising a buffer.
34. The kit according to claim 30 , wherein said cells are platelets.
35. The method according to claim 26 , wherein said cells are platelets.
36. A method for analyzing cells and cell maturation in a sample containing cells, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said sample with the composition of claim 1 or 2 ; and
(b) analyzing said sample to detect differential staining of said cells indicative of the maturation of said cells.
37. The method according to claim 36 , wherein said cells are platelets.
38. The method according to claim 36 , wherein said cells are red blood cells.
39. A method for detecting the maturation of platelets in a sample comprising platelets, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said sample with the composition of claim 1 or 2 ; and
(b) analyzing said sample to detect differential staining indicative of the maturation of said platelets.
40. The method according to claim 39 , wherein said sample further comprises red blood cells.