Release resistant electrical interconnections for MEMS devices
View Patent ↗A release resistant electrical interconnection comprising a gold-based electrical conductor compression bonded directly to a highly-doped polysilicon bonding pad in a MEMS, IMEMS, or MOEMS device, without using any intermediate layers of aluminum, titanium, solder, or conductive adhesive disposed in-between the conductor and polysilicon pad. After the initial compression bond has been formed, subsequent heat treatment of the joint above 363 C creates a liquid eutectic phase at the bondline comprising gold plus approximately 3 wt % silicon, which, upon re-solidification, significantly improves the bond strength by reforming and enhancing the initial bond. This type of electrical interconnection is resistant to chemical attack from acids used for releasing MEMS elements (HF, HCL), thereby enabling the use of a “package-first, release-second” sequence for fabricating MEMS devices. Likewise, the bond strength of an Au—Ge compression bond may be increased by forming a transient liquid eutectic phase comprising Au-12 wt % Ge.
1. An electrical interconnection, comprising:
a microelectronic device comprising a silicon surface; and
a gold-based electrical conductor compression bonded directly to the silicon surface;
wherein at least some of the silicon of the silicon surface makes direct, intimate physical contact with at least some of the gold of the gold-based electrical conductor.
2. The electrical interconnection of claim 1 , wherein the bond between the gold-based electrical conductor and the silicon surface comprises a reaction layer.
3. The electrical interconnection of claim 2 , wherein the reaction layer comprises a re-solidified eutectic phase having a composition of gold plus about 3 wt % silicon.
4. The electrical interconnection of claim 2 , wherein the thickness of the reaction layer is greater than or equal to approximately 0.001 inches.
5. The electrical interconnection of claim 2 , wherein the reaction layer comprises a solid-state diffusion zone comprising an interdiffused mixture of gold and silicon atoms.
6. The electrical interconnection of claim 1 , wherein the microelectronic device comprises one or more devices selected from the group consisting of MEMS, IMEMS, and MOEMS devices.
7. The electrical interconnection of claim 1 , wherein the gold-based electrical conductor comprises a shape selected from the group consisting of a ball, a deformed ball, a deformed ball with an attached wire, a bump, a wedge, a pad, a square pad, a round pad a rectangular pad, a pillar, a round pillar, a post, a wire, a ribbon, a lead, a TAB lead, a beam lead, and a plate.
8. The electrical interconnection of claim 1 , wherein the silicon surface comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of single-crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, doped silicon, a silicon wafer and a silicon die.
9. The electrical interconnection of claim 6 , wherein the silicon surface comprises a polysilicon bond pad disposed on the MEMS, IMEMS, or MOEMS device.
10. The electrical interconnection of claim 1 , wherein the gold-based electrical conductor comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of pure gold, gold plus one or more trace elements selected to improve mechanical properties, beryllium-stabilized gold, copper-stabilized gold, gold plus one or more non-trace alloying elements, gold plus about 2 wt % palladium, gold plus about 3 wt % silicon, gold plus about 12 wt % germanium, a conducting material coated with gold, and a conducting material coated with electrolytic gold.
11. The electrical interconnection of claim 1 , wherein the silicon surface comprises polysilicon doped with one or more dopants that increase the electrical conductivity selected from the group consisting of n-type dopants, p-type dopants, phosphorous, and boron.
12. The electrical interconnection of claim 1 , wherein part of the gold-based electrical conductor comprises an exposed surface that is not bonded to the silicon surface; and further wherein a layer of solder coats at least some of said exposed surface.
13. The electrical interconnection of claim 12 , further comprising an intermediate layer disposed underneath the solder coating, wherein the intermediate layer comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of nickel, electroless nickel, a flash of gold, and nickel covered by a flash of gold.
14. The electrical interconnection of claim 1 , wherein the bond between the gold-based electrical conductor and the silicon surface does not contain any aluminum or titanium or solder.
15. An electrical interconnection, comprising:
a microelectronic device comprising a silicon surface; and
a gold-based electrical conductor compression bonded directly to the silicon surface;
wherein at least some of the silicon of the silicon surface makes direct, intimate physical contact with at least some of the gold of the gold-based electrical conductor;
wherein the bond between the gold-based electrical conductor and the silicon surface does not contain any aluminum or titanium or solder; and
wherein the gold-based electrical conductor comprises a Au-3Si eutectic composition.