Durable glass enamel composition
View Patent ↗The present invention provides partially crystallizing lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition that fuse at low temperatures. Glass enamel compositions according to the present invention form predominantly bismuth titanate and optionally zinc titanate crystals upon firing. Preferably, glass enamel compositions according to the invention include a glass component that includes by weight from about 11% to about 52% SiO 2 , from 10.2% to about 40% TiO 2 , from about 5% to about 75% Bi 2 O 3 , up to about 8% B 2 O 3 , up to about 14% BaO+SrO, and up to about 45% by weight ZnO, where the sum of Bi 2 O 3 and ZnO comprises from about 30% to about 85% of the glass component by weight.
1. A lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition comprising a solids portion, the solids portion comprising:
a glass component, the glass component comprising:
from about 11% to about 52% by weight SiO 2 ;
from 10.2% to about 40% by weight TiO 2 ;
from about 30% to about 85% by weight Bi 2 O 3 +ZnO, provided the Bi 2 O 3 comprises from about 5% to about 75% of the glass component by weight and the ZnO comprises up to about 45% of the glass component by weight;
up to about 8% by weight B 2 O 3 ; and
up to about 14% by weight BaO+SrO.
2. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 1 wherein the glass component comprises:
from about 14% to about 35% by weight SiO 2 ;
from about 11% to about 35% by weight TiO 2 ;
from about 33% to about 74% by weight Bi 2 O 3 +ZnO, provided the Bi 2 O 3 comprises from about 8% to about 74% of the glass component by weight and the ZnO comprises up to about 35% of the glass component by weight;
up to about 6% by weight B 2 O 3 ; and
up to about 10% by weight BaO+SrO.
3. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 1 wherein the glass component further comprises up to a total of 35% by weight of one or more optional oxides selected from the group consisting of:
alkali metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkali metal oxides comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
alkaline-earth metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkaline-earth metal oxides comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 , provided the sum of all La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO, NiO, Co 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 , provided the sum of all Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO, NiO, Co 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 comprises less than about 30% of the glass component by weight;
SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 , provided the sum of all SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 comprises less than about 20% of the glass component by weight;
Al 2 O 3 , provided the Al 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight;
V 2 O 5 , provided the V 2 O 5 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight; and
Sb 2 O 3 , provided the Sb 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight.
4. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 2 wherein the glass component further comprises from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of one or more optional oxides selected from the group consisting of:
alkali metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkali metal oxides comprises less than about 13% of the glass component by weight;
alkaline-earth metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkaline-earth metal oxides comprises less than about 20% of the glass component by weight;
La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 , provided the sum of all La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 comprises less than about 20% of the glass component by weight;
Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO, NiO, Co 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 , provided the sum of all Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO, NiO, Co 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 , provided the sum of all SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight;
Al 2 O 3 , provided the Al 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight;
V 2 O 5 , provided the V 2 O 5 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight; and
Sb 2 O 3 , provided the Sb 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight.
5. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 1 wherein the solids portion further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments, fillers, and seeds for titanate crystals.
6. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 1 wherein the glass component comprises a combination of two or more glass frits.
7. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition upon firing at a temperature of from about 485° C. to 780° C. forms an enamel layer comprising crystals dispersed in a residual glass, wherein a predominant portion of the crystals comprise bismuth titanate.
8. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 7 wherein less than about 70% by weight of the enamel layer is removed upon exposure to an 86° C. 0.1 N H 2 SO 4 solution for 144 hours.
9. A lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition comprising a solids portion, the solids portion comprising:
a glass component, the glass component comprising:
from about 11% to about 52% by weight SiO 2 ;
from 3.4% to about 40% by weight TiO 2 ;
from about 30% to about 85% by weight Bi 2 O 3 +ZnO, provided the Bi 2 O 3 comprises from about 5% to about 75% of the glass component by weight and the ZnO comprises up to about 45% of the glass component by weight;
up to about 8% by weight B 2 O 3 ;
up to about 14% by weight BaO+SrO; and
from about 0.1% to about 30% of any one or a combination of coloring oxides selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO, NiO, Co 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 .
10. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 9 wherein the glass component comprises:
from about 14% to about 35% by weight SiO 2 ;
from about 5% to about 35% by weight TiO 2 ;
from about 33% to about 74% by weight Bi 2 O 3 +ZnO, provided the Bi 2 O 3 comprises from about 8% to about 74% of the glass component by weight and the ZnO comprises up to about 35% of the glass component by weight;
up to about 6% by weight B 2 O 3 ;
up to about 10% by weight BaO+SrO; and
from about 0.5% to about 25% of any one or a combination of coloring oxides selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO, NiO, Co 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 .
11. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 9 wherein the glass component further comprises up to a total of 35% by weight of one or more optional oxides selected from the group consisting of:
alkali metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkali metal oxides comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
alkaline-earth metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkaline-earth metal oxides comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 , provided the sum of all La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 , provided the sum of all SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 comprises less than about 20% of the glass component by weight;
Al 2 O 3 , provided the Al 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight;
V 2 O 5 , provided the V 2 O 5 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight; and
Sb 2 O 3 , provided the Sb 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight.
12. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 10 wherein the glass component further comprises from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of one or more optional oxides selected from the group consisting of:
alkali metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkali metal oxides comprises less than about 13% of the glass component by weight;
alkaline-earth metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkaline-earth metal oxides comprises less than about 20% of the glass component by weight;
La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 , provided the sum of all La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 comprises less than about 20% of the glass component by weight;
SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 , provided the sum of all SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight;
Al 2 O 3 , provided the Al 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight;
V 2 O 5 , provided the V 2 O 5 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight; and
Sb 2 O 3 , provided the Sb 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight.
13. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 9 wherein the solids portion further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments, fillers, and seeds for titanate crystals.
14. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 9 wherein the glass component comprises a combination of two or more glass frits.
15. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 9 wherein the composition upon firing at a temperature of from about 485° C. to 780° C. forms an enamel layer comprising crystals dispersed in a residual glass, wherein a predominant portion of the crystals comprise bismuth titanate.
16. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 15 wherein less than about 70% by weight of the enamel layer is removed upon exposure to an 86° C. 0.1 N H 2 SO 4 solution for 144 hours.
17. A lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition comprising a solids portion, the solids portion comprising:
a glass component, the glass component comprising from about 50% to about 90% by weight of one or more first glass frits that form titanate crystals upon firing and from about 10% to about 50% by weight of one or more second glass frits that do not form titanate crystals upon firing, provided that the glass frits in the glass component collectively comprises:
from about 11% to about 52% SiO 2 by weight of the glass component;
from 3.4% to about 40% TiO 2 by weight of the glass component;
from about 30% to about 85% Bi 2 O 3 +ZnO by weight of the glass component, provided the Bi 2 O 3 comprises from about 5% to about 75% of the glass component by weight and the ZnO comprises up to about 45% of the glass component by weight;
up to about 8% B 2 O 3 by weight of the glass component; and
up to about 14% BaO+SrO by weight of the glass component.
18. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 17 wherein the composition upon firing at a temperature of from about 485° C. to 780° C. forms an enamel layer comprising crystals dispersed in a residual glass, wherein a predominant portion of the crystals comprise bismuth titanate.
19. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 17 wherein the glass frits in the glass component collectively comprise:
from about 14% to about 35% SiO 2 by weight of the glass component;
from about 5% to about 35% TiO 2 by weight of the glass component;
from about 33% to about 74% Bi 2 O 3 +ZnO by weight of the glass component, provided the Bi 2 O 3 comprises from about 8% to about 74% of the glass component by weight and the ZnO comprises up to about 35% of the glass component by weight;
up to about 6% B 2 O 3 by weight of the glass component; and
up to about 10% BaO+SrO by weight of the glass component.
20. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 17 wherein the glass frits in the glass component further collectively comprises up to a total of 35% by weight of the glass component of one or more optional oxides selected from the group consisting of:
alkali metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkali metal oxides comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
alkaline-earth metal oxides, provided the sum of all alkaline-earth metal oxides comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 , provided the sum of all La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , and ZrO 2 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight;
Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO, NiO, Co 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 , provided the sum of all Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CuO, NiO, Co 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 comprises less than about 30% of the glass component by weight;
SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 , provided the sum of all SnO, In 2 O 3 , and MoO 3 comprises less than about 20% of the glass component by weight;
Al 2 O 3 , provided the Al 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight;
V 2 O 5 , provided the V 2 O 5 comprises less than about 25% of the glass component by weight; and
Sb 2 O 3 , provided the Sb 2 O 3 comprises less than about 15% of the glass component by weight.
21. The lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 17 wherein said solids portion further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments, fillers, and seeds for titanate crystals.
22. A section of glass having a lead-free and cadmium-free glass enamel composition according to claim 17 fused thereon at a temperature of from about 485° C. to 780° C. to form an enamel layer, the enamel layer comprising bismuth titanate crystals and optionally zinc titanate crystals dispersed in a residual glass comprising SiO 2 , wherein less than about 70% by weight of the glass enamel coating layer is removed upon exposure to an 86° C. 0.1 N H 2 SO 4 solution for 144 hours.