High-density lipoprotein assay device and method
An assay device and method for measuring the concentration of HDL-associated cholesterol in a blood-fluid sample are described. The assay design prevents interference by reagents used for such removal with the HDL quantification reaction or with other assays carried out on the same sample. If desired, removal of non-HDL lipoproteins and assay of HDL cholesterol can be carried out without interruption of the assay.
1. An assay device for performing a non-HDL assay in conjunction with measuring serum cholesterol associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in a blood fluid sample also containing low density lipoproteins (LDL) or very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), the device comprising:
(a) a plurality of porous elements through which said blood fluid sample can flow in sequence by capillary action and/or gravity, said plurality comprising:
(i) a sample distribution matrix;
(ii) an HDL test pad, downstream of said matrix, in which HDL concentration can be assayed;
(iii) upstream of said HDL test pad, a reagent element containing an immobilized reagent, not soluble in the fluid sample, which is effective to selectively bind and remove non-HDL lipoproteins from the fluid sample; and
(iv) a non-HDL test pad, downstream of said sample distribution matrix, in which a non-HDL assay may be performed, wherein a sample flow path to the non-HDL test pad does not contain said reagent element; and
(b) mounting means effective to adjust the device between (a) a sample-distribution position, wherein the HDL test pad and the reagent element are not in fluid communication with the sample distribution matrix and are not in fluid communication with any element that removes cellular components, and further wherein the non-HDL test pad is not in fluid communication with the sample distribution matrix; and (b) a test position, wherein said HDL test pad, reagent element, and distribution matrix are in fluid communication with each other; while said non-HDL test pad is not in fluid communication with the reagent element.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the reagent element is a porous reagent pad located downstream of the distribution matrix.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the reagent pad is attached to the HDL test pad.
4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a reaction bar to which said HDL test pad is attached.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein said mounting means is effective to adjust the relative positions of the reaction bar between said sample-distribution position and said test position.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein said mounting means is further effective to
(c) transfer the device from said test position to a position in which said HDL test pad is not in fluid communication with said sample distribution matrix.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein said HDL test pad comprises a biosensor.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein said biosensor is effective to electrochemically measure production of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide which is dependent on HDL-associated cholesterol concentration within said HDL test pad.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein said reagent element comprises a porous polymeric membrane.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein said polymeric membrane contains cationic surface groups.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein said reagent element comprises multiple stacked membranes, at least one of which contains an immobilized reagent effective to bind non-HDL lipoproteins.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of said HDL test pad and said reagent element is a porous polymeric membrane.
13. The device of claim 3 , wherein the HDL test pad and reagent pad are laminated together.
14. An assay device for performing a non-HDL assay in conjunction with measuring serum cholesterol associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in a blood fluid sample also containing low density lipoproteins (LDL) or very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), the device comprising:
(a) a sample distribution matrix for distributing the blood fluid sample;
(b) a reagent pad containing an immobilized reagent effective to selectively bind and remove non-HDL lipoproteins from the fluid sample;
(c) an HDL test pad in which HDL concentration can be assayed, downstream of said reagent pad; and
(d) a non-HDL test pad in which a non-HDL assay may be performed, wherein a sample flow path to the non-HDL test pad does not contain said reagent pad;
wherein the HDL test pad and the reagent pad can be positioned so that they are not in fluid communication with the sample distribution matrix and are not in fluid communication with any element that removes cellular components, and further wherein the non-HDL test pad is not in fluid communication with the sample distribution matrix; and
wherein said HDL test pad, reagent pad, and distribution matrix are brought into fluid communication with each other; while said non-HDL test pad is not in fluid communication with the reagent pad.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein said immobilized reagent comprises a sulfonated polysaccharide, and said reagent pad comprises a porous polymeric membrane having cationic surface groups.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the HDL test pad includes a cholesterol-assaying enzyme reagent.
17. The device of claim 16 , wherein the cholesterol-assaying enzyme reagent comprises cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase.
18. The device of claim 1 , wherein the immobilized reagent is dextran sulfate immobilized by electrostatic forces to the reagent element having positively charged surface groups.
19. An assay device for performing a non-HDL assay in conjunction with measuring serum cholesterol associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in a blood fluid sample also containing low density lipoproteins (LDL) or very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), the device comprising:
(a) a plurality of porous elements through which said blood fluid sample can flow in sequence by capillary action and/or gravity, said plurality comprising:
(i) a sample distribution matrix;
(ii) an HDL test pad, downstream of said matrix, in which HDL concentration can be assayed;
(iii) upstream of said HDL test pad, a reagent pad containing an immobilized reagent, wherein said immobilized reagent which is not soluble in the fluid sample, selectively binds and removes non-HDL lipoproteins from the fluid sample, and remains entrapped within said reagent pad; and
(iv) a non-HDL test pad, downstream of said sample distribution matrix, in which a non-HDL assay may be performed, wherein a sample flow path to the non-HDL test pad does not contain said reagent element; and
(b) mounting means effective to adjust the device between (a) a sample-distribution position, wherein the HDL test pad and the reagent element are not in fluid communication with the sample distribution matrix and are not in fluid communication with any element that removes cellular components, and further wherein the non-HDL test pad is not in fluid communication with the sample distribution matrix; and (b) a test position, wherein said HDL test pad, reagent element, and distribution matrix are in fluid communication with each other; while said non-HDL test pad is not in fluid communication with the reagent element.
20. The device of claim 19 , wherein said non-HDL assay is a total cholesterol assay.
21. The device of claim 19 , wherein said non-HDL assay is a triglyceride assay.