Protein remodeling methods and proteins/peptides produced by the methods

1. A cell-free, in vitro method of glycosylating a peptide with a glycosyl residue which is a member selected from N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, fucose and xylose, said glycosyl residue covalently attached to an amino acid of said peptide which is a hydroxyamino acid, said method comprising:

(a) contacting said peptide with a donor of said glycosyl residue and a glycosyltransferase for which said donor is a substrate under conditions appropriate to transfer said glycosyl residue from said donor to said hydroxyamino acid, wherein said donor is a nucleotide sugar conjugated to a poly(alkylene oxide), thereby glycosylating said peptide.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said hydroxyamino acid is a member selected from threonine and serine.

3. The method according to claim 1 wherein said glycosylation forms a peptide with a substantially uniform glycosylation pattern.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said nucleotide sugar is a UDP-glycoside.

5. The method according to claim 4 wherein said UDP-glycoside is a member selected from UDP-xylose and UDP-glucose.

6. The method according to claim 1 wherein said glycosyltransferase is glucosyltransferase and said donor comprises a glucosyl moiety.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein said glucosyl moiety has the formula:

wherein

X, Y, Z and A are members independently selected from O, S, CH 2 and NR

wherein

R is a member selected from H, said poly(alkylene oxide) and a linker conjugated to said poly(alkylene oxide);

Q is a member selected from H 2 , O, S and NH; and

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 1 are members independently selected from H, said poly(alkylene oxide) and a linker conjugated to said poly(alkylene oxide), and when A is NH, R 4 is optionally C(O)CH 3 .

8. The method according to claim 7 said glucosyl moiety has the formula:

9. The method according to claim 6 further comprising:

(b) contacting glycosylated said peptide formed in (a) with a second glycosyl donor and a second glycosyltransferase under conditions appropriate to transfer a second saccharyl residue from said donor to said glucosyl residue.

10. The method according to claim 9 wherein said second glycosyltransferase is xylosyltransferase and said second donor comprises a xylosyl moiety.

11. The method according to claim 1 wherein said peptide has the formula:

wherein

AA is a terminal or internal amino acid residue of said peptide which is a member selected from serine and threonine;

X 1 -X 2 is a saccharide covalently linked to said AA, wherein

X 1 is a saccharyl residue; and

X 2 is a xylosyl residue;

said method comprising:

(a) removing X 2 from said peptide, thereby forming a truncated glycan; and

(b) contacting said truncated glycan with at least one glycosyltransferase and at least one glycosyl donor under conditions suitable to transfer said at least one glycosyl donor to said truncated glycan, thereby remodeling said peptide.

12. The method according to claim 11 wherein said removing comprises:

(i) contacting said peptide with a xylosidase, thereby removing X 2 from said peptide.

13. The method according to claim 1 wherein said peptide is a recombinant peptide.

14. The method according to claim 13 wherein said peptide is a variant of a wild type peptide sequence.

15. The method according to claim 1 wherein said peptide is a member selected from a Factor VII peptide, a Factor IX peptide, a Factor X peptide and a Factor XII peptide.

16. The method according to claim 1 wherein said variant has greater biological activity than wild type of said peptide.

17. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:

(c) isolating said glycosylated peptide.

18. The method according to claim 1 wherein said amino acid residue is seine at a position of a Factor VII peptide which is a member selected from position 52, position 60 and a combination thereof.

19. A peptide glycosylated according to claim 1 .

20. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a peptide according to claim 19 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent.

21. The method according to claim 1 wherein said amino acid residue is serine at a position of a Factor IX peptide which is a member selected from position 53, position 61 and a combination thereof.

22. The method according to claim 11 wherein X 1 -X 2 has the formula:

-Glc-(Xyl) n

wherein

n is an integer from 0 to 6.

23. The method according to claim 1 said method producing said substantially uniform glycosylation pattern being at least 85% uniform.

24. The method according to claim 23 said method producing said substantially uniform glycosylation pattern being at least 95% uniform.