Rigid multilayer material for thermal insulation
The invention relates to a rigid multilayer material for thermal insulation, in particular in a vacuum, the material comprising at least one insulating plate of honeycomb material sandwiched between two aluminum- or gold-coated skins of low emissivity. In order to optimize thermal insulation, the diameter of the cells is at least twice their height. The multilayer material may have as many layers as needed. The cells of adjacent layers may be offset in order to further minimize paths for heat conduction through the structure. Holes may be pierced in the side walls of the cells in order to allow them to empty out when the material is put into a vacuum. The invention also provides a method of making such a material.
1. A multilayer material, comprising:
at least one rigid plate of insulating honeycomb material sandwiched between two aluminum- or gold-coated skins of low emissivity, wherein said honeycomb material comprises a plurality of cells, each of said cells having a width measured in the plane of said plate that is at least twice a height of said cell measured perpendicular to said plate;
said multilayer material being configured for thermal insulation in a vacuum in space; and
wherein side walls of said cells are pierced in order to allow said material to empty out when placed in the vacuum.
2. A material according to claim 1 , comprising a plurality, N, of honeycomb plates sandwiched between at least two aluminum- or gold-coated skins.
3. A material according to claim 2 , in which the cells of adjacent plates are offset laterally so as to minimize points of contact between the walls of the cells in one plate and the walls of the cells in an adjacent plate.
4. A material according to claim 1 , wherein said aluminum- or gold-coated skins are made of glass-epoxy.
5. A material according to claim 1 , characterized in that said honeycomb material is made of a highly insulating material.
6. A method of manufacturing a rigid multilayer material,
said rigid multilayer material including at least one plate of insulating honeycomb material sandwiched between two aluminum- or gold-coated skins of low emissivity, wherein said honeycomb material comprises a plurality of cells, each of said cells having a width measured in the plane of said plate that is at least twice a height of said cell measured perpendicular to said plate,
wherein adhesive is deposited on end edges of walls of said cells, the method comprising:
placing a film of adhesive on a surface of said honeycomb plate;
heating said film to burst the cells; thereby causing the adhesive to shrink onto the end edges of said cells; and
pressing one of said skins together with said honeycomb plate.
7. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the width of each cell is a maximum width of the cell measured in the plane of the plate.
8. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the honeycomb material is made of polyetherimide.
9. The material according to claim 1 , wherein the honeycomb material is made of aramid.
10. The material according to claim 1 , configured for use on a spacecraft in space.
11. The material according to claim 1 , having a low emissivity adequate for use on a spacecraft in space.
12. The material according to claim 1 , wherein said material has a bending stiffness (EI) of 3910 decanewtons square centimeters (daN.cm 2 /cm) for 3-point bending on a 300 mm×40 mm test piece of said material supported at 260 mm and loaded in the center.
13. The material according to claim 1 , wherein said material has an insulating power λz=4.6×10 −3 watts per meter per Kelvin (W/m/K) at −30° C. and ε=0.07.
14. A spacecraft including the material according to claim 1 .
15. A rigid multilayer material for thermal insulation in a vacuum, the material comprising at least one plate of insulating honeycomb material sandwiched between two aluminum- or gold-coated skins of low emissivity, wherein said honeycomb material comprises a plurality of cells, wherein said aluminum- or gold-coated skins are made of glass-epoxy.
16. The spacecraft according to claim 14 , wherein said pierced side walls of said cells allow said material to empty out when said spacecraft is placed in the vacuum of space.
17. A multilayer material, comprising:
at least one rigid plate of insulating honeycomb material sandwiched between two aluminum- or gold-coated skins of low emissivity, wherein said honeycomb material comprises a plurality of cells, each of said cells having a width measured in the plane of said plate that is at least twice a height of said cell measured perpendicular to said plate;
said multilayer material being configured for thermal insulation in a vacuum in space; and
wherein said aluminum- or gold-coated skins are made of glass-epoxy.