Molded or extruded articles comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer and an environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer
View Patent ↗Environmentally degradable molded or extruded articles comprising a blend of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer and an environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer are disclosed. Such compositions provide annealing cycle times to form molded or extruded articles that are less than annealing cycle times to form a molded or extruded article lacking the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer.
1. An environmentally degradable molded or extruded article comprising:
at least 5% parts by weight of an environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer; and
at least 20% parts by weight of a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprising at least two randomly repeating monomer units
wherein a first monomer unit has structure (I)
where R 1 is H, or C1 or C2 alkyl, and n is 1 or 2; and
wherein a second monomer unit has structure (II)
where R 2 is a C3–C19 alkyl or C3–C19 alkenyl,
or the second monomer unit has structure (III)
where m is from 2 to 9
wherein at least 80% of the randomly repeating monomer units has the structure of the first monomer unit;
wherein an annealing cycle time to form the molded or extruded article is at least ten seconds less than an annealing cycle time to form a molded or extruded article lacking the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer.
2. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 1 wherein the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is a diacid/diol aliphatic polyester, an aliphatic/aromatic copolyester, a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid, starch, or a combination thereof.
3. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 1 wherein the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is polybutylene succinate/adipate copolymer, polylactide, polycaprolactone, or polyethylene succinate.
4. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 1 wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer is a first polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer, and the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is a second polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer having randomly repeating monomer units (I) and (II) and having a percentage of units of structure (II) that is other than the percentage of units of structure (II) present in the first polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer.
5. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 1 wherein R 1 is CH 3 , n is 1 and the second monomer unit has structure II wherein R 2 is straight-chain or branched C3 alkyl.
6. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 3 wherein the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is polylactide polymer or copolymer.
7. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 2 wherein the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is starch.
8. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 1 in the form of a flushable tampon applicator.
9. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 1 further comprising a processing aid.
10. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 9 wherein the processing aid is a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sebacate, glycerin, triacetin, glycerol, monostearate, sorbitol, erythritol, glucidol, mannitol, sucrose, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol caprate-caprylate, butylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, diisobutyl adipate, oleic amide, erucic amide, palmitic amide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl pyrrolidone, tetramethylene sulfone, oxa monoacids, oxa diacids, polyoxa diacids, diglycolic acids, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl tri-n-hexyl citrate, alkyl lactates, phthalate polyesters, adipate polyesters, glutate polyesters, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, alkyl alylether diester adipate, dibutoxyethoxyethyl adipate, and mixtures thereof.
11. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 9 wherein the processing aid is a nucleating agent selected from the group of polyhydroxybutyrate, sorbitol acetal, boron nitride, titanium oxide, talc, clay, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, metal phosphate, and mixtures thereof.
12. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 9 wherein the processing aid is a filler selected from the group consisting of clays, silica, mica, wollastonite, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, kaolin, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, talc, titanium dioxide, wood flour, walnut shell flour, alpha cellulose floc, cellulose fibers, chitin, chitosan powders, organosilicone powders, nylon powders, polyester powders, polypropylene powders, starches and the mixtures thereof.
13. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 9 wherein the processing aid is a lubricant selected from the group consisting of metal soaps, hydrocarbon waxes, fatty acids, long-chain alcohols, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, silicones, fluorochemicals, acrylics, and mixtures thereof.
14. An environmentally degradable molded or extruded article comprising:
at least 5% parts by weight of an environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer; and
at least 20% parts by weight of a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprising at least two randomly repeating monomer units
wherein a first monomer unit has structure (I)
where R 1 is CH 3 , and n is 1; and
wherein a second monomer unit has structure (II)
where R 2 is C3 alkyl,
wherein up to 20% of the randomly repeating monomer units has the structure of the second monomer unit.
15. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 14 wherein an annealing cycle time to form the molded or extruded article is at least ten seconds less than an annealing cycle time to form a molded or extruded article lacking the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer.
16. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 15 wherein the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is a diacid/diol aliphatic polyester, an aliphatic/aromatic copolyester, or a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid, starch, or a combination thereof.
17. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 15 wherein the article is a tampon applicator and the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is polybutylene succinate/adipate copolymer, or polylactide.
18. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 15 wherein the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer is a first polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer, and the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is a second polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer having randomly repeating monomer units (I) and (II) and having a percentage of units of structure (II) that is less than the percentage of units of structure (II) present in the first polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer.
19. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 15 wherein the article is a tampon applicator.
20. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 15 wherein the annealing cycle time for the molded or extruded article comprising the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer is at least 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 seconds less than an annealing cycle time to form an environmentally degradable molded or extruded article lacking the environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer.
21. An environmentally degradable molded or extruded article comprising:
a first polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprising at least two randomly repeating monomer units
wherein a first monomer unit has structure (I)
where R 1 is CH 3 , and n is 1; and
wherein a second monomer unit has structure (II)
where R 2 is C3 alkyl,
wherein less than 20% of the randomly repeating monomer units has structure (II); and
a second polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprising at least two randomly repeating monomer units (I) and (II) as recited above wherein the percentage of units of structure (II) is other than the percentage of units of structure (II) present in the first polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer.
22. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 21 wherein an annealing cycle time to form the molded or extruded article is at least ten seconds less than an annealing cycle time to form a molded or extruded article lacking the second polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer.
23. The environmentally degradable molded or extruded article of claim 22 wherein the first polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer has a percentage of monomer unit structure (II) of 10–18% and wherein the second polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer has a percentage of monomer unit structure (II) of 2–8%.
24. A flushable tampon applicator comprising:
at least 5% parts by weight of an environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer; and
at least 20% parts by weight of a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprising at least two randomly repeating monomer units
wherein a first monomer unit has structure (I)
where R 1 is H, or C1 or C2 alkyl, and n is 1 or 2; and
wherein a second monomer unit has structure (II)
where R 2 is a C3–C19 alkyl or C3–C19 alkenyl,
or the second monomer unit has structure (III)
where m is from 2 to 9
wherein at least 80% of the randomly repeating monomer units has the structure of the first monomer unit; and
wherein the applicator is greater than 50% disintegrated within 28 days under anaerobic disintegration conditions.
25. The flushable tampon applicator of claim 24 wherein the applicator is greater than 60% disintegrated within 28 days under anaerobic disintegration conditions.
26. The flushable tampon applicator of claim 24 wherein the applicator is greater than 80% disintegrated within 28 days under anaerobic disintegration conditions.
27. A process of forming an environmentally degradable molded or extruded article, comprising:
heating to a molten state
at least 5 % parts by weight of an environmentally degradable thermoplastic polymer or copolymer; and
at least 20 % parts by weight of a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprising
at least two randomly repeating monomer units
wherein a first monomer unit has structure (I)
where R 1 is H, or C1 or C2 alkyl, and n is 1 or 2; and
wherein a second monomer unit has structure (II)
where R 2 is a C3–C19 alkyl or C3–C19 alkenyl,
or the second monomer unit has structure (III)
where m is from 2 to 9
wherein at least 80% of the randomly repeating monomer units has the structure of the first monomer unit to form a blend,
allowing the melted blend to anneal; and
molding or extruding the article, the process having an annealing cycle time that is at least ten seconds less than an annealing cycle time to form a molded or extruded article lacking the environmentally degradable thermosplastic polymer or copolymer.