Technique for reducing peak-to-average power ratio in digital signal communications
A technique for reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in digital signal communications is disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the technique may be realized by a method comprising the steps of modulating a frequency-domain input vector comprising a plurality of path vectors by applying a Gray code sequence of combinations of binary phase rotations to the plurality of path vectors, where, in each combination, the binary phase rotation of only one of the plurality of path vectors is changed from a previous combination in the Gray code sequence; and determining an optimal time-domain peak value based on the modulated frequency-domain input vector.
1. A method for reducing peak-to-average power ratio in digital signal communications, the method comprising the steps of:
modulating a frequency-domain input vector comprising a plurality of path vectors by applying a Gray code sequence of combinations of binary phase rotations to the plurality of path vectors, where, in each combination, the binary phase rotation of only one of the plurality of path vectors is changed from a previous combination in the Gray code sequence; and
determining an optimal time-domain peak value based on the modulated frequency-domain input vector;
wherein the frequency-domain input vector is X and the plurality of path vectors are V m , where m=0, 1, . . . , M−1 and M is an integer, such that
X
=
∑
m
=
0
M
-
1
V
m
;
wherein the steps of modulating a frequency-domain input vector and determining an optimal time-domain peak value further comprise the steps of:
calculating a time-domain equivalent x of the frequency-domain input vector X;
calculating a time-domain equivalent v m of the plurality of path vectors V m ;
establishing a sequence of time-domain vectors x u , where u=0, 1, . . . , U−1 and U represents distinct path numbers of the Gray code sequence such that U=2 M ;
calculating a peak value for each of the sequence of time-domain vectors x u ; and
determining an index number for a time-domain vector that has an optimal time-domain peak value among the sequence of time-domain vectors x u , and a corresponding path number.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the frequency-domain input vector corresponds to constellation points of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of determining an optimal time-domain peak value for the modulated frequency-domain input vectors comprises a step of calculating an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) of the modulated frequency-domain input vector.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the optimal time-domain peak value is a minimum peak value of the modulated frequency-domain input vector.
5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
identifying an optimal combination of binary phase rotations that corresponds to the optimal time-domain peak value.
6. The method according to claim 5 , further comprising the step of:
transmitting information of the optimal combination of binary phase rotations that corresponds to the optimal time-domain peak value.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the binary phase rotations consist of phase angles 0 and π.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
ordering the Gray Code sequence of U=2 M distinct path numbers, wherein each of the path numbers is an M-bit binary number and is different from adjacent path numbers in the Gray Code sequence by only one bit;
utilizing a function g(u) to record bit positions in which a (u+1)-th path number is different from a u-th path number in the Gray Code sequence, wherein u=0, 1, . . . , U−1 is an index number and g(u) has an integer value between 0 and M−1 inclusive; and
utilizing a function s(u) to record types of changes at the bit positions of the function g(u), wherein
s
(
u
)
≡
{
-
1
,
if
the
bit
in
the
recorded
g
(
u
)
bit
position
is
a
1
1
,
if
the
bit
in
the
recorded
g
(
u
)
bit
position
is
a
0
.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the steps of modulating a frequency-domain input vector and determining an optimal time-domain peak value further comprise the steps of:
establishing a sequence of time-domain vectors x u , where x 0 =x and x u+1 =x u +2v g(u) s(u).
10. At least one processor readable medium storing a computer program of instructions configured to be readable by at least one processor for instructing the at least one processor to execute a computer process for performing the method as recited in claim 1 .
11. A method for reducing peak-to-average power ratio in digital signal communications, the method comprising the steps of:
ordering a Cray Code sequence of U=2 M distinct path numbers, wherein each of the path numbers is an M-bit binary number and is different from adjacent path numbers in the Gray Code sequence by only one bit;
utilizing a function g(u) to record bit positions in which a (u+1)-th path number is different from a u-th path number in the Gray Code sequence, wherein u=0, 1, . . . , U−1 is an index number and g(u) has an integer value between 0 and M−1 inclusive; and
utilizing a function s(u) to record types of changes at recorded bit positions of the function g(u), wherein
s
(
u
)
≡
{
-
1
,
if
the
bit
in
the
recorded
g
(
u
)
bit
position
is
a
1
1
,
if
the
bit
in
the
recorded
g
(
u
)
bit
position
is
a
0
;
modulating a frequency-domain input vector comprising a plurality of path vectors by applying a Gray code sequence of combinations of binary phase rotations identified by the Gray Code sequence of distinct path numbers to the plurality of path vectors, where, in each combination, the binary phase rotation of only one of the plurality of path vectors is changed from a previous combination in the Gray code sequence of combinations of binary phase rotations; and
determining an optimal time-domain peak value based on the modulated frequency-domain input vector.
12. A method for reducing peak-to-average power ratio in digital signal communications, the method comprising the steps of:
ordering a Gray Code sequence of U=2 M distinct path numbers, wherein each of the path numbers is an M-bit binary number and is different from adjacent path numbers in the Gray Code sequence by only one bit;
utilizing a function g(u) to record bit positions in which a (u+1)-th path number is different from a u-th path number in the Gray Code sequence, wherein u=0, 1, . . . , U−1 is an index number and g(u) has an integer value between 0 and M−1 inclusive; and
utilizing a function s(u) to record types of changes at recorded bit positions of the function g(u), wherein
s
(
u
)
≡
{
-
1
,
if
the
bit
in
the
recorded
g
(
u
)
bit
position
is
a
1
1
,
if
the
bit
in
the
recorded
g
(
u
)
bit
position
is
a
0
;
modulating a frequency-domain input vector comprising a plurality of path vectors by applying a Gray code sequence of combinations of binary phase rotations identified by the Gray Code sequence of distinct path numbers to the plurality of path vectors, where, in each combination, the binary phase rotation of only one of the plurality of path vectors is changed from a previous combination in the Gray code sequence of combinations of binary phase rotations; and
determining an optimal time-domain peak value based on the modulated frequency-domain input vector;
wherein the frequency-domain input vector is X and the plurality of path vectors are V m , where m=0, 1, . . . , M−1 and M is an integer, such that
X
=
∑
m
=
0
M
-
1
V
m
;
wherein the steps of modulating a frequency-domain input vector and determining an optimal time-domain peak value further comprise the steps of:
calculating a time-domain equivalent x of the frequency-domain input vector X;
calculating a time-domain equivalent v m of the plurality of path vectors V m ;
establishing a sequence of time-domain vectors x u , where x 0 =x and x u+1 =x u +2v g(u) s(u);
calculating a peak value for each of the sequence of time-domain vectors x u ; and
determining an index number for a time-domain vector that has the optimal time-domain peak value among the sequence of time-domain vectors x u , and a corresponding path number.