Reinforced permeable paving structure
View Patent ↗A paving structure ( 11 ) of the type having an upper wear layer ( 12 ) and an underlying sub-base layer ( 15 ) of rigid insoluble hard particulate material forming voids for the collection of water permeating through the permeable surface where layer ( 12 ) has an intermediate reinforcing grid ( 16 ) located at an intermediate level of the sub-base layer ( 15 ) such that it is covered by an upper part of the sub-base layer ( 15 U) which is of a thickness not less than 1½ times the dimension of the largest particles in that part of the sub-base layer. A reinforcing grid ( 26 ) at the base of the sub-base layer between this and the sub grade ( 18 ) may also be provided.
1. A permeable paving structure comprising:
a permeable surface wear layer for bearing the weight of vehicular traffic;
an underlying permeable sub-base layer of rigid insoluble hard particulate material within a defined size range , said sub-base layer being permeable and forming part of a system for collecting and one of retaining and detaining rainfall or other precipitation falling on said paving structure; and
a reinforcing grid located at an intermediate level within said underlying permeable sub-base layer, said reinforcing grid being located at a depth within said permeable sub-base layer not less than one and a half times the dimension of the largest particles in that part of said permeable sub-base layer above said reinforcing grid and lying between said reinforcing grid and said permeable wear layer.
2. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing grid is located at a level not less than one half of the thickness of said underlying sub-base layer from the top thereof.
3. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein there is provided a second reinforcing grid of interconnected elements at a lower level than said reinforcing grid.
4. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the size of the grid openings is not greater than the size of the largest of the particles of said underlying sub-base layer.
5. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the grid size is close to the mean value of the size of the particles in said underlying sub-base layer.
6. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the grid size is substantially 40% of the maximum particle size of said underlying sub-base layer.
7. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the underlying sub-base layer comprises non-rounded angular particles with well defined edges of crushed gravel, rock or concrete in a size range of up to 100 mm with not more than 5% thereof being less than 10 mm.
8. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein not less than 40% of the material of said underlying sub-base layer lies in the range 37.5 mm to 100 mm.
9. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein not more than 70% of the material of said underlying sub-base layer lies in the range 37.5 mm to 100 mm.
10. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the sub-base layer below said reinforcing grid is composed of particulate material in a generally larger size range than that in the layer above said reinforcing grid.
11. A paving structure according to claim 10 , wherein the largest particles of the particulate material in the sub-base layer below said reinforcing grid are substantially three times larger than the largest of articles in the sub-base layer above the reinforcing grid.
12. A paving structure according to claim 11 , wherein the smallest particles in the sub-base layer below said reinforcing grid are not less than twice the size of the smallest particles in the sub-base layer above the reinforcing grid.
13. A paving structure according to claim 10 , wherein the material of the lower sub-base layer comprises non-rounded angular particles with well defined edges of crushed gravel, rock or concrete in a size range from about 63 mm to about 10 mm.
14. A paving structure according to claim 13 , wherein the material of the upper sub-base layer comprises non-rounded angular particles with well defined edges of crushed gravel, rock or concrete in a size range from about 20 mm to about 5 mm.
15. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein a laying course in the form of an intermediate layer of particulate material lies between the surface or wear layer and said underlying sub-base layer, the particulate material of said intermediate layer being of smaller dimension than that of said underlying sub-base layer.
16. A paving structure according to claim 15 , wherein the average particle size of the material in the said intermediate layer is less than the average particle size of the elements of said underlying sub-base layer.
17. A paving structure according to claim 16 , wherein the average particle size of the intermediate layer is in the range 2 mm–10 mm.
18. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the particulate material of said underlying sub-base layer has a minimum 10% fines value of 150 K/n.
19. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the material of said underlying sub-base layer is substantially non-plastic.
20. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein said reinforcing grid is one having a substantially rectangular grid structure extending in two orthogonal directions with substantially the same resistance to stress in each of said two orthogonal directions.
21. A reinforced paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein the grid is a polymeric plastics material composed of a plurality of links or ribs joined together at intersections to form a substantially laminar sheet.
22. A paving structure according to claim 1 , wherein an upper stratum of said underlying layer has an additional component of particles the maximum dimension of which is a fraction of the maximum dimension of the largest particles in said underlying sub-base layer.
23. A paving structure according to claim 22 , wherein said fraction is not greater than 60% of the size of the largest particles in said underlying sub-base layer.
24. A paving structure according to claim 15 , wherein the surface wear layer is composed of individual elements or blocks laid on the intermediate layer with no grouting, sand or other filling between them or between them and the intermediate layer, said blocks having means defining drainage channels.
25. A paving structure according to claim 16 , wherein the average particle size of the intermediate layer is about 5 mm.
26. A paving structure according to claim 22 , wherein said fraction is not greater than 40% of the size of the largest particles in said underlying sub-base layer.
27. A paving structure according to claim 22 , wherein said fraction is not greater than 20% of the size of the largest particles in said underlying sub-base layer.
28. A paving structure according to claim 22 , wherein said fraction is not less than 15% of the size of the largest particles in said underlying sub-base layer.
29. A paving structure according to claim 17 , wherein the average particle size of the intermediate layer is about 5 mm.
30. A paving structure according to claim 15 , wherein the surface wear layer is composed of individual elements or blocks laid on the intermediate layer, said blocks having means defining drainage channels and include dressing of clean stone not greater than 3 mm overlaid and worked into said drainage channels.