Method for chemically modifying tobacco during curing
View Patent ↗A method for chemically modifying a tobacco material during a curing process involves treating the tobacco material in a curing enclosure at a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce cured tobacco. The method also involves contacting the tobacco material with a chemical reagent before and/or during the time period that the tobacco material is cured so that the chemical reagent can interact with the tobacco material, thus resulting in further change in the chemical nature of the cured tobacco material. An exemplary chemical reagent is an ammonia source, which can be applied to a tobacco material in a variety of ways, including by spraying an aqueous ammonia source onto the tobacco or by introducing gaseous ammonia into the curing enclosure during the curing process.
1. A method of chemically modifying a tobacco material during a curing process, comprising:
providing a tobacco material;
placing the tobacco material in a curing enclosure;
curing the tobacco material under conditions of temperature and for a time sufficient to produce cured tobacco;
providing a gaseous source of ammonia; and
contacting the tobacco material with the ammonia, in an amount and under conditions such that the ammonia interacts chemically with the tobacco material during curing.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tobacco material that is placed in the curing enclosure is green Virginia tobacco.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the tobacco material that is placed in the curing enclosure is subjected to flue-curing conditions.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the tobacco is heated at temperatures between about 35° C. and about 75° C. for about 120 hours to about 200 hours.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the tobacco material is subjected to yellowing.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tobacco material is subjected to yellowing, and then is subjected to exposure to heated air.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia is employed in an effective amount and under conditions sufficient to remove nicotine from the tobacco material during curing.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia is employed in an effective amount and under conditions sufficient to result in reaction with carbohydrates within the tobacco material during curing.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tobacco material is subjected to yellowing, and the tobacco material is contacted with the ammonia after yellowing is complete, and heating of the tobacco material is commenced.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average concentration of ammonia within the atmosphere of the curing enclosure is about 0.1% to about 10% of the volume of the atmosphere within the curing enclosure.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average concentration of ammonia within the atmosphere of the curing enclosure is about 0.3% to about 5% of the volume of the atmosphere within the curing enclosure.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous source of ammonia is introduced into the enclosure over a time period that ranges from about 5 minutes to about 5 hours.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia exceeds about 0.001% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia exceeds about 0.005% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia exceeds about 0.01% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia does not exceed about 0.5% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous source of ammonia is provided by introducing ammonia-containing gas into the enclosure, evaporating a liquid ammonia source placed in the enclosure, or volatilizing a solid ammonia source placed in the enclosure.
18. A method of chemically modifying a tobacco material during a curing process, comprising:
providing a tobacco material;
placing the tobacco material in a curing enclosure;
curing the tobacco material under conditions of temperature and for a time sufficient to produce cured tobacco, wherein the curing step includes a yellowing stage during which the tobacco material is yellowed;
providing a gaseous source of ammonia; and
contacting the tobacco material with the ammonia after the tobacco is yellowed in an amount and under conditions such that the ammonia interacts chemically with the tobacco material during curing.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the tobacco material that is placed in the curing enclosure is green Virginia tobacco.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the tobacco material that is placed in the curing enclosure is subjected to flue-curing conditions.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the tobacco material is subjected to yellowing, and then is subjected to exposure to heated air.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the tobacco is heated at temperatures between about 35° C. and about 75° C. for about 120 hours to about 200 hours.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ammonia is employed in an effective amount and under conditions sufficient to remove nicotine from the tobacco material during curing.
24. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ammonia is employed in an effective amount and under conditions sufficient to result in reaction with carbohydrates within the tobacco material during curing.
25. The method of claim 18 , wherein the average concentration of ammonia within the atmosphere of the curing enclosure is about 0.3% to about 5% of the volume of the atmosphere within the curing enclosure.
26. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ammonia is introduced into the enclosure over a time period that ranges from about 5 minutes to about 5 hours.
27. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ammonia exceeds about 0.001% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
28. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ammonia exceeds about 0.005% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
29. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ammonia exceeds about 0.01% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
30. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ammonia does not exceed about 0.5% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
31. The method of claim 18 , wherein the gaseous source of ammonia is provided by introducing ammonia-containing gas into the enclosure, evaporating a liquid ammonia source placed in the enclosure, or volatilizing a solid ammonia source placed in the enclosure.
32. A method of chemically modifying a tobacco material during a curing process, comprising:
providing a tobacco material;
placing the tobacco material in a curing enclosure;
curing the tobacco material under conditions of temperature and for a time sufficient to produce cured tobacco, wherein the curing step includes a yellowing stage during which the tobacco material is yellowed;
providing a gaseous source of ammonia; and
contacting the tobacco material with the gaseous source of ammonia after the tobacco is yellowed in an amount and under conditions such that the ammonia interacts chemically with the tobacco material during curing, wherein the amount of ammonia is sufficient to produce an average concentration of ammonia within the atmosphere of the curing enclosure of about 0.1% to about 10% of the volume of the atmosphere within the curing enclosure.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the tobacco material that is placed in the curing enclosure is green Virginia tobacco.
34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the tobacco material that is placed in the curing enclosure is subjected to flue-curing conditions.
35. The method of claim 32 , wherein the tobacco is heated at temperatures between about 35° C. and about 75° C. for about 120 hours to about 200 hours.
36. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ammonia is employed in an effective amount and under conditions sufficient to remove nicotine from the tobacco material during curing.
37. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ammonia is employed in an effective amount and under conditions sufficient to result in reaction with carbohydrates within the tobacco material during curing.
38. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ammonia is introduced into the enclosure over a time period that ranges from about 5 minutes to about 5 hours.
39. The method of claim 32 , wherein the amount of ammonia that reacts with the tobacco material exceeds about 0.001% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
40. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ammonia that reacts with the tobacco material exceeds about 0.005% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
41. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ammonia that reacts with the tobacco material exceeds about 0.01% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.
42. The method of claim 32 , wherein the gaseous source of ammonia is provided by introducing ammonia-containing gas into the enclosure, evaporating a liquid ammonia source placed in the enclosure, or volatilizing a solid ammonia source placed in the enclosure.
43. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ammonia that reacts with the tobacco material does not exceed about 0.5% of the dry weight of the tobacco material.