Rhodium and iridium complexes
View Patent ↗The present invention describes novel organometallic compounds which are phosphorescence emitters. Such compounds can be used as active components (=functional materials) in a series of different types of application which can be classed within the electronics industry in the broadest sense. The compounds according to the invention are described by the formulae (I), (Ia), (II) and (IIa).
1. A compound of the formula (I) or (II)
where the symbols and indices are defined as follows:
M is Rh or Ir;
Y is O, S or Se;
Z is B—R 1 , C(R) 2 , —CH═CH—, —CR 1 ═CH—, —CR 1 ═CR 1 —, C═O, NH, NR 1 , PR 1 , P(O)R 1 , P(S)R 1 , O, S, S═O, S(═O) 2 , Se or a C—C single bond;
R is the same or different at each occurrence and is H, F, Cl, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group which has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and in which one or more nonadjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —NR 1 — or —CONR 2 —, and In which one or more hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals; and a plurality of R substituents, either on the same ring or on the two different rings together form a further mono- or polycyclic ring system;
Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different and are each an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms;
Q1 and Q2 are the same or different at each occurrence and are each F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2 or a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group which has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and in which one or more nonadjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —O—CO—, —NR 1 —, —(NR 2 R 3 ) + A − or —CONR 4 , and in which one or more hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals;
A − is a singly charged anion;
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and are each H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
a is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
b is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
c and d are each 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
e is 0 or 1;
n is 1, 2 or 3.
2. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
a is 0 or 1;
b is 0 or 1; and
c andd are each 0 or 1.
3. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the compound is of the formula (Ia) or (IIa)
where the symbols and indices are as defined in claim 1 .
4. The compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein Y is O or S.
5. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Z is C(R) 2 , —CH═CH—, —CR 1 ═CH—, —CR 1 ═CR 1 —, C═O, NH, NR 1 , O, S and C—C single bond.
6. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein R is H, F, Cl, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group baying from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
7. The compound as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the compound is of the formula (Ia) or (IIa)
Y is O or S;
Z is C(R) 2 , —CH═CH—, CR 1 ═CH—, —CR 1 ═CR 1 —, C═O, NH, NR 1 , O, S and C—C single bond;
R is H, F, Cl, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
8. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different at each occurrence and are each phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthracenyl, 2-anthracenyl, 9-anthracenyl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 2-pyridinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 2-quanolinyl, 3-quinolinyl, 4-quinolinyl, 5-quinolinyl, 6-quinolinyl, 7-quinolinyl, 8-quinolinyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 2-thiophenyl, 3-thiophenyl, 2-selenophenyl, 3-selenophenyl, 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl or 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol)yl.
9. The compound as claimed in claim 7 , wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same or different at each occurrence and are each phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthracenyl, 2-anthracenyl, 9-anthracenyl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 2-quinolinyl, 3-quinolinyl, 4-quinolinyl, 5-quinolinyl, 6-quinolinyl, 7-quinolinyl, 8-quinolinyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 2-thiophenyl, 3-thiophenyl, 2-selenophenyl, 3-selenophenyl, 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl or 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol)yl.
10. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diarylamino unit Ar 1 —N—Ar 2 is a diphenylamino, an N-(1-naphthyl)phenylamino, a di(1-naphthyl) amino, an N-(2-naphthyl)phenylamino, a di(2-naphthyl)amino, a bis(4-methoxyphenyl) amino, a bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)amino, a carbazolyl, a 3,6-dichlorocarbazolyl, a 3,6-dibromocarbazolyl, a phenoxazine or a phenothiazine unit.
11. The compound as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the diarylamino unit Ar 1 —N—Ar 2 is a diphenylamino, an N-(1-naphthyl)phenylamino, a di(1-naphthyl) amino, an N-(2-naphthyl)phenylamino, a di(2-naphthyl)amino, a bis(4-methoxyphenyl) amino, a bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)amino, a carbazolyl, a 3,6-dichlorocarbazolyl, a 3,6-dibromocarbazolyl, a phenoxazine or a phenothiazine unit.
12. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Q1 and Q2 are each F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2 or a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group which has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and in which one CH 2 group is optionally replaced by
—NR 1 —.
13. The compound as claimed in claim 11 , wherein Q1 and Q2 are each F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2 or a straight—chain or branched or cyclic ailcyl or alkoxy group which has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and in which one CH 2 group is optionally replaced by
—NR 1 —.
14. The process for preparing the compounds as claimed in claim 1 , which comprises reacting the compounds (III) and (IV)
where
X is Cl, Br or I
with a secondary diarylamine of the formula (I)
and the remaining symbols and indices are as defined in claim 1 in a reaction medium and in the presence of a transition metal or of a transition metal compound, or of a phosphorus or nitrogen additive and of a base.
15. The process as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the transition metal or transition metal compound used is nickel or nickel compounds or palladium or palladium compounds.
16. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the molar ratio of nickel or of a nickel compound, or of palladium or of a palladium compound to the compounds (III) and (IV) is from 0.1 n:1 to 0.00001n:1.
17. The process as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the phosphorus additive used is a phosphine.
18. The process as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the nitrogen additive used is an imidazolium salt; imidazol-2-ylidene, amine or amino carboxylic acid.
19. The process as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the nitrogen additive used is an imidazolium salt, imidazol-2-ylidene, amine or amino carboxylic acid and the phosphorous additive used is phosphine.
20. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the molar ratio of the phosphorus or nitrogen additives to the transition metals or transition metal compounds nickel and nickel compounds, palladium or palladium compounds is from 0.5:1 to 1000:1.
21. The process as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the molar ratio of the organic or inorganic base to the compounds (III) or (IV) is from 0.5n:1 to 100n:1.
22. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein its purity (determined by means of 1H NMR and/or HPLC) is more than 99%.