Flat textile structures with self-cleaning and water-repellent surface

1. A textile fabric having a self cleaning and water repellent surface, comprising:

A) at least one synthetic and/or natural textile base material A having a weave and

B) an artificial, at least partly hydrophobic surface having elevations and depressions comprising particles bonded to the base material A without adhesives, resins or coatings,

wherein

the surface is obtained by:

treating the base material A with a bath comprising at least one solvent for the textile base material and the particles, and

removing the solvent to leave at least a portion of the particles bonded to the surface of the base material A, without the weave being destroyed,

the particles are not dissolved in the solvent for the textile base material, and

the natural textile base material A comprises parts selected from the group consisting of animal hair, silk, a material of mineral origin and a blend of natural and artificial materials.

2. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particles are suspended in the solvent for the textile base material.

3. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solvent for the textile base material is at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycols, ethers, glycol ethers, ketones, esters, amides, nitro compounds, (hydro)halocarbons, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.

4. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the solvent for the textile base material is at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, octanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, cresol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, anisole, dioxane, dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, monoethylene glycol ether, diethylene glycol ether, triethylene glycol ether, polyethylene glycol ether, acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethylhexyl acetate, glycol esters, dimethylformamide, pyridine, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactone, acetonitrile, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrachloromethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorophenol, (hydro)chlorofluorocarbons, petroleum spirits, petroleum ethers, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, tetralin, terpenes, benzene, toluene, xylene and mixtures thereof.

5. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the solvent for the textile base material during the treating of the textile base material is in a range of from −30° C. to 300° C.

6. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the temperature of the solvent for the textile base material during the treating of the textile base material is 50 to 85° C.

7. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter of the particles is in the range of from 0.02 to 100 μm.

8. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the average particle diameter is 0.1 to 30 μm.

9. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particles comprise an irregular fine surface structure in the nanometer range.

10. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of silicates, minerals, metal oxides, metal powders, silicas, pigments and polymers.

11. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of pyrogenic silicas, precipitated silicas, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, doped silicates, pyrogenic silicates and pulverulent polymers.

12. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particles have hydrophobic properties.

13. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particles have hydrophobic properties due to a treatment with a hydrophobic compound.

14. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the particles are provided with hydrophobic properties before or after bonding to the base material A.

15. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the particles are provided with hydrophobic properties by a treatment with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the alkylsilanes, fluoroalkylsilanes and disilazanes.

16. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 13 , wherein a spacing between individual particles bonded to the surface of the base material A is from 0 to 10 particle diameters.

17. A textile article having a self cleaning and water repellent surface comprising the textile fabric of claim 1 .

18. Garments exposed to high levels of soil and water and industrial textiles comprising the textile articles of claim 17 ,

wherein the garments are garments for ski sports, alpine sports, motor sports, motorcycle sports, motocross sports, sailing sports, and for leisure, and

the industrial textiles are textiles for tents, awnings, blinds, umbrellas, tablecloths, and cabriolet covers.

19. Carpets, sewing threads, ropes, wallhangings, textiles, wallpapers, garments, tents, decorative curtains, theater curtains and stitching comprising the textile articles of claim 17 .

20. The textile fabric of claim 5 , wherein the temperature of the solvent for the base material is from 25 to 100° C.

21. The textile fabric as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the spacing between individual particles bonded to the base material A is 2-3 particle diameters.

22. The textile fabric having a self cleaning and water repellant surface according to claim 1 , wherein

the at least one synthetic base material A is a woven polyester fabric, and

the treating comprises pulling the woven polyester fabric into a bath comprising dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the at least one solvent and a suspension of hydrophobicized silica as the particles.