Train having energy absorbing structure between cars
In energy absorbing structures in an entire train, a compression amount at an interface between cars at an end portion of a train is reduced and compression at an interface between cars at a center portion of the train is facilitated. In the structure, a plurality of cars (A 1 to A 12 ) are coupled to one another through couplers (B 1 to B 11 ), and energy absorbing structures (S 12 to S 42 , S 82 to S 122 ) are provided between cars. An average compressive load corresponding to a value obtained by dividing an energy absorption amount of the energy absorbing structure by a maximum compression amount of the energy absorbing structures (S 12 to S 42 , S 82 to S 122 ) is set smaller at an interface between cars at a center portion of the train than at an interface between cars on an outer side of the train (closer to an end portion).
1. A train having an energy absorbing structure between cars comprising:
a plurality of cars coupled to one another to form a train having a pair of end portions and a central portion;
between-cars energy absorbing structures each provided between said cars;
a front portion energy absorbing structure provided at a front portion of at least one end car,
wherein each of the between cars energy absorbing structures comprises a first energy absorbing assembly arranged in parallel with a second energy absorbing assembly, the second energy absorbing assembly comprising a gap between adjacent cars, the gap arranged such that the second energy absorbing assembly absorbs no loads until after the first energy absorbing assembly has compressed by a predetermined amount thereby eliminating the gap such that the second energy absorbing assembly begins to be compressively deformed;
the between cars energy absorbing structures in an entire train have a substantially same average compressive load;
the front portion energy absorbing structure has an average compressive load;
each of the between-cars energy absorbing structures has a maximum compressive load of former-half compression and an average compressive load of latter-half compression, the average compressive load of latter-half compression is set to a value of not less than the maximum compressive load of former-half compression and a value of not more than the average compressive load of the front portion energy absorbing structure;
the average compressive load is obtained by dividing an energy absorption capacity by a corresponding maximum compression amount;
the average compressive load of latter-half compression is obtained by dividing an amount of an energy absorbed by the between-cars energy absorbing structure varies from a half compression amount that is half as large as a maximum compression amount to the maximum compression amount by a corresponding compression amount which is the half compression amount; and
the maximum compressive load of former-half compression is a maximum compressive load generated while the compression amount of the between-cars energy absorbing structure varies from zero to the half compression amount of the maximum compression amount.
2. The train according to claim 1 , wherein the second energy absorbing assembly comprises a tubular-section, the tubular-section adapted for bellow-like deformation in response to a compressive load, and the tubular cross-section comprises slits adapted to trigger the bellows-like deformation in response to the compressive load.
3. The train according to claim 1 , wherein the first energy absorbing assembly is operatively coupled to a coupler between adjacent cars.
4. The train according to claim 3 , wherein the second energy absorbing assembly comprises a left assembly spaced to the left of the coupler and a right assembly spaced to the right of the coupler.
5. The train according to claim 1 , wherein each car has a coupler for coupling the cars;
the first energy absorbing assembly is coupled in series with the coupler and comprised of a plurality of energy absorbing elements of different energy absorption characteristics coupled to each other in series.
6. The train according to claim 1 , wherein each of the between-cars energy absorbing structures is comprised of an energy absorbing element and a support structure thereof, and the energy absorbing element has a characteristic in which compressive load increases stepwisely as compressive deformation progresses.
7. A train having an energy absorbing structure between cars comprising:
a plurality of cars coupled to one another to form a train having a pair of end portions and a central portion, at least one of the end portions including an end car;
between-cars energy absorbing structures each provided between cars adjacent a central portion of the train; and
a front-portion energy absorbing structure provided at a front portion of the end car and having an average compressive load;
wherein the between-cars energy absorbing structures are arranged into a first set and a second set, the first set disposed at an interface between cars adjacent the central portion of the train and having a first average compressive load, and the second set disposed at an interface between cars adjacent the end portions of the train and having a second average compressive load, and the second set disposed at an interface between cars disposed adjacent the end cars of the train and having a second average compressive load, the second average compressive load less than the first average compressive load;
each of the between-cars energy absorbing structures of the second set comprises a first energy absorbing assembly arranged in parallel with a second energy absorbing assembly, the second energy absorbing assembly comprising a gap between adjacent cars, the gap arranged such that the second energy absorbing assembly absorbs no loads until after the first energy absorbing assembly has compressed by a predetermined amount thereby eliminating the gap such that the second energy absorbing assembly begins to be compressively deformed;
each of the between-cars energy absorbing structures having a maximum compressive load of former-half compression and an average compressive load of latter-half compression, the average compressive load of latter-half compression being set to a value of not less than the maximum compressive load of former-half compression and a value of not more than the average compressive load of the front portion energy absorbing structure;
wherein the average compressive loads for each type of energy absorbing structure is obtained by dividing an energy absorption capacity of each type of structure by a corresponding maximum compression amount of each type of structure;
the average compressive load of latter-half compression is obtained by dividing an amount of energy absorbed by the between-cars energy absorbing structure while a compression amount of the between-cars energy absorbing structure varies from a half compression amount that is half as large as a maximum compression amount to the maximum compression amount by a corresponding compression amount which is the half compression amount; and
the maximum compressive load of former-half compression is a maximum compressive load generated while the compression amount of the between-cars energy absorbing structure varies from zero to the half compression amount of the maximum compression amount.
8. The train according to claim 7 , wherein each of the between-cars energy absorbing structures is comprised of an energy absorbing element and a support structure thereof, and the energy absorbing element has a characteristic in which compressive load increases stepwisely as compressive deformation progresses.
9. The train according to claim 7 , wherein each of the cars has a coupler for coupling the cars, the first energy absorbing assembly is coupled in series with the coupler and comprised of a plurality of energy absorbing elements of different energy absorption characteristics coupled to each other in series.
10. The train according to claim 7 , wherein each of the cars has a coupler for coupling the cars, each between-cars energy absorbing structure of the first set coupled in series with the coupler and comprised of a plurality of energy absorbing elements of different energy absorption characteristics coupled to each other in series.
11. The train according to claim 7 , wherein the second energy absorbing assembly comprises a tubular-section, the tubular-section adapted for bellow-like deformation in response to a compressive load, and the tubular cross-section comprises slits adapted to trigger the bellow-like deformation in response to the compressive load.