Low temperature method and composition for producing electrical conductors
A composition of matter having a metal powder or powders of specified characteristics in a Reactive Organic Medium (ROM). These compositions can be applied by any convenient printing process to produce patterns of electrical conductors on temperature-sensitive electronic substrates. The pattern can be thermally cured in seconds to form pure metal conductors at a temperature low enough to avoid damaging the substrate.
1. A composition of matter comprising a reactive organic medium and a metal powder mixture, wherein the reactive organic medium reacts with said metal powder mixture to decompose at a temperature below about 450° C. and said metal powder mixture comprises:
(a) metal powder particles having a diameter of 0.6 micrometers to less than about 50 micrometers; and
(b) metal particles having a diameter of less than 0.6 micrometers, wherein said metal powder mixture does not contain metallic flakes.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the metal powder mixture comprises:
50–85% by weight of the metal powder particles (a), wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from about 1.0 micrometer to about 10 micrometers and,
15–50 % by weight of the metal particles (b), wherein the diameter of the metal particles is less than 0.3 micrometers.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the metal powder mixture comprises:
50–85% by weight of the metal powder particles (a), wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from about 2.0 micrometers to about 50 micrometers; and
15–50 % by weight of the metal particles (b), wherein the diameter of the metal particles is less than 0.3 micrometers.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal powder mixture comprises:
about 50% by weight of the metal powder particles (a), wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from about 2.0 micrometers to about 50 micrometers;
about 30% by weight of the metal powder particles (a), wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from about 1.0 micrometer to about 10 micrometers; and
about 20% by weight of the metal particles having a mean diameter less than 0.6 micrometers.
5. The composition of claim 1 in which the metal is selected from the group consisting of: copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, platinum, manganese, vanadium, niobium, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, indium, tin, antimony, lead, bismuth and mixtures thereof.
6. A composition of matter comprising a reactive organic medium and a metal powder mixture, wherein the reactive organic medium reacts with said metal powder mixture to decompose at a temperature below about 450° C. and said metal powder mixture comprises:
(a) 50–85% by weight of metal powder particles, wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from 0.3 micrometers to about 1.0 micrometers, and
(b) 15–50% by weight of metal particles, wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is less than 0.3 micrometers,
wherein said metal powder mixture does not contain metallic flakes.
7. A composition of matter comprising a reactive organic medium and a metal powder mixture, wherein the reactive organic medium reacts with said metal powder mixture to decompose at a temperature below about 450° C. and said metal powder mixture comprises:
about 50% by weight of metal powder particles, wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from 1.0 micrometers to about 1.0 micrometers:
about 30% by weight of metal powder particles, wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from 0.3 micrometers to 1.0 micrometers; and
about 20% by weight of metal particles, wherein the diameter of the metal particles is less than 0.3 micrometers,
wherein said metal powder mixture does not contain metallic flakes.
8. A composition of matter comprising a reactive organic medium and a metal powder mixture, wherein the reactive organic medium reacts with said metal powder mixture to decompose at a temperature below about 450° C. and said metal powder comprises:
about 15% by weight of metal powder particles, wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from 2.0 micrometers to about 50 micrometers:
about 40% by weight of metal powder particles, wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from about 1.0 micrometers to about 10 micrometers; and
about 15% by weight of metal powder particles, wherein the diameter of the metal powder particles is from 0.3 micrometers to 1.0 micrometers, and
about 30% by weight of metal particles, wherein the diameter of the metal particles is less than 0.3 micrometers,
wherein said metal powder mixture does not contain metallic flakes.
9. A method for producing solid pure metal conductors on a substrate comprising the steps of:
A) applying a conductor precursor in a pattern on to the substrate;
B) heating said substrate with said patterned precursor in an oven to a critical temperature less than about 450° C. for a time less than about five minutes;
wherein said applied conductor precursor pattern is converted into a consolidated, bonded pure metal conductor
wherein said conductor precursor is comprised of a reactive organic medium and a metal powder mixture, wherein said metal powder mixture comprises:
metal powder particles having a diameter of 0.6 micrometers to less than about 50 micrometers; and
metal particles having a diameter of less than 0.6 micrometers, wherein said metal powder mixture does not contain metallic flakes.
10. The method of claim 9 in which said conductor precursor is applied to said substrate by a technology selected from the group consisting of: screen printing, stencil printing, gravure printing, letterpress printing, offset printing, lithographic printing, dispensing, doctor blading, ink jet printing, xerographic copying and electrostatic printing.
11. The method of claim 9 in which said conductor precursor is a copper-based composition and in which the oven atmosphere is nitrogen with less than 20 parts per million by volume of oxygen.
12. The method of claim 9 in which water vapor is added to the nitrogen at approximately 5 mole percent during the period in which said conductor precursor is being heated, step B), but not before or after the heating phase.
13. The method of claim 9 in which the substrate contains a temperature-sensitive polymer.
14. The method of claim 9 in which the substrate contains a temperature sensitive semiconductor.
15. The method of claim 9 in which said conductor precursor is applied to metal conductors and dielectric insulators to make electrical connections between the conductors.
16. The method of claim 9 in which said conductor precursor is applied in step A) to a photoimageable dielectric material which has been patterned by photolithography to define channels which are to become conductors, whereby said channels are filled with said conductor precursor by doctor blading or printing,
wherein upon the heating of step B), simultaneously crosslinks the dielectric material and consolidates said applied conductor precursor pattern.
17. The method of claim 9 in which said conductor precursor are applied in step A) to a continuous web of thin substrate material and cured in step B) as a continuous web in an oven, further comprising the step of: C) cutting said continuous web of substrate material into a final product.
18. The method of claim 9 in which said conductor precursor is applied to semiconductor devices to make electrical conducting traces and bumps on said semiconductor surface.