Ion-conductive electrolyte and cell employing the same
View Patent ↗An ion-conductive electrolyte which comprises a compound having in the molecule a structure represented by the following chemical formula and an electrolyte salt; and a cell employing the ion-conductive electrolyte. The ion-conductive electrolyte has a low vapor pressure, has a high ion conductivity even at room temperature, and has a high lithium ion transport number. With this ion-conductive electrolyte, a highly safe cell having excellent discharge characteristics can be provided.
1. An ion-conducting electrolyte comprising:
a chemical compound whose molecule has a structure represented by the chemical formula (1) below; and
an electrolyte salt containing Li
2. The ion-conducting electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) has in its molecule a structure represented by the chemical formula (2) below
(where X 1 is one selected from the group consisting of
and R 1 and R 2 are one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and oligoether chains having 1 to 10 units).
3. The ion-conducting electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) has a structure represented by the chemical formula (3) below and a structure represented by the chemical formula (4) below in a single molecule
(where X is one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and oligoether chains having 1 to 10 units).
4. The ion-conducting electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) has a structure represented by the chemical formula (5) below
5. The ion-conducting electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein 0.001≦B/A≦10, where A indicates the number of moles of the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) contained in the chemical compound as a whole and B indicates the number of moles of the electrolyte salt.
6. The ion-conducting electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of MCIO 4 (here and in the following, M is an alkali metal element and contains at least Li), MPF 6 , MBF 4 , MAsF 6 , MSbF 6 , MCF 3 SO 3 , MCF 3 CO 2 , M 2 C 2 F 4 (SO 3 ) 2 , MN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , MN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , MC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , MC n F 2n+1 SO 3 (n ≧2), MN(RfOSO 2 ) 2 (Rf is a fluoroalkyl group) and MOH.
7. The ion-conducting electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) is obtained by a condensation reaction between a chemical compound containing two or more carbonic esters that have the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) and are capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group and a chemical compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups.
8. A battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode; and
an electrolyte arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
wherein the electrolyte is an ion-conducting electrolyte comprising a chemical compound whose molecule has a structure represented by the chemical formula (1) below, and an electrolyte salt containing Li
9. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) has in its molecule a structure represented by the chemical formula (2) below
(where X 1 is one selected from the group consisting of
and R 1 and R 1 are one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and oligoether chains having 1 to 10 units).
10. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by The chemical formula (1) has a structure represented by The chemical formula (3) below and a structure represented by the chemical formula (4) below in a single molecule
(where X is one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and oligoether chains having 1 to 10 units).
11. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) has a structure represented by the chemical formula (5) below
(where X is one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon chains having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and oligoether chains having 1 to 10 units, and n is an integer equal to or larger than 1).
12. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein 0.001≦B/A≦10, where A indicates the number of moles of the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) contained in the chemical compound as a whole and B indicates the number of moles of the electrolyte salt.
13. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of MCIO 4 (here and in the following, M is an alkali metal element and contains at least Li), MPF 6 , MBF 4 , MAsF 6 , MSbF 6 , MCF 3 SO 3 , MCF 3 CO 2 , M 2 C 2 F 4 (SO 3 ) 2 , MN(CF 3 SO 2 ),MN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , MC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , MC n F 2n+1 SO 3 (n≧2), MN(RfOSO 2 ) 2 (Rf is a fluoroalkyl group) and MOH.
14. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) is obtained by a condensation reaction between a chemical compound containing two or more carbonic esters that have the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) and are capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group and a chemical compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups.
15. The ion-conducting electrolyte according to claim 1 , further comprising a solvent,
wherein the solvent contains a carbonate.
16. The ion-conducting electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) is a polymer.
17. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a solvent, and the solvent contains a carbonate.
18. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein the chemical compound whose molecule has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) is a polymer.