Damping element

1. A damping system comprising:

a damping element including:

two spring elements coaxial with or parallel to a longitudinal axis of the damping element, and two axially mounted end-side connectors linked to the spring elements such that at least one of the spring elements is connected to the connectors wherein:

the first spring element exhibits a spring rate F and has first and second ends positioned between the two end-side connectors,

the second spring element exhibits a spring rate f and has first and second ends positioned between the two end-side connectors,

the spring rates F and f are different from each other,

one spring element comprises a spring coil;

the damping element is prestressed; and at least two bone fixation elements selected from the group comprising pedicle screws and pedicle hooks, wherein each of the bone fixation elements includes a duct for receiving the end-side connectors so that the damping element can span adjacent vertebra.

2. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein the spring elements are configured concentrically with the longitudinal axis.

3. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein at least one spring element is prestressed.

4. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein the spring elements exhibit constant spring rates F, f.

5. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein the damping unit's cross-section orthogonal to the longitudinal axis is reniform.

6. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein one spring element is a compression spring.

7. The damping system of claim 6 , wherein the spring element in the form of a compression spring is made of a polymer.

8. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein one spring element is bar shaped.

9. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein the second spring element is integral with one of the connectors.

10. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein the second spring element is configured inside the first spring element.

11. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein the two spring rates F, f differ at least by the factor 2.

12. The damping system of claim 11 , wherein the two spring rates F, f differ by a factor of between 10 and 100.

13. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein the spring rate f of the second spring element is between 100 N/mm and 5,000 N/mm.

14. The damping system of claim 13 , wherein the spring rate f of the second spring element is between 200 N/mm and 2,000 N/mm.

15. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein each end-side connector has a recess, and each end of the second spring element is shaped to fit within a respective recess.

16. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein each end-side connector has a longitudinal bar-shaped extension at its outer end.

17. The damping system of claim 1 , wherein the first spring element comprises a helical spring with a central cavity and the second spring element is shaped and configured to be positioned in the cavity.

18. A system stabilizing adjacent vertebras, comprising:

a damping element comprising:

two spring elements coaxial with or parallel to a longitudinal axis of the damping element, and two axially mounted end-side connectors linked to the spring elements such that at least one of the spring elements is connected to the connectors wherein:

the first spring element exhibits a spring rate F and has first and second ends positioned between the two end-side connectors,

the second spring element exhibits a spring rate f and has first and second ends positioned between the two end-side connectors,

the spring rates F and fare different from each other,

one spring element comprises a spring coil; and

the damping element is prestressed;

N pedicle screws or pedicle hooks, where N≧3, and

at least one pedicle screw or one pedicle hook comprising receiving ducts simultaneously allowing receipt of two parallel longitudinal members, wherein

the damping element is used for affixation between the at least one pedicle screw or pedicle hook and an adjacent pedicle screw or pedicle hook.

19. A damping element comprising:

two axially mounted end-side connectors, each having outer threads and a recess coaxial with a longitudinal axis of the damping element; and

a first spring element coaxial with or parallel to the longitudinal axis, the first spring element having first and second ends each having inner threads that screw into the outer threads of a respective end-side connector, the first spring element comprising a helical spring with a central cavity; and

a second spring element coaxial with or parallel to the longitudinal axis, the second spring element having first and second ends each shaped to fit within the recess of a respective end-side connector, the second spring element shaped and configured to be positioned in the central cavity of the first spring element; wherein:

the length of the second spring element causes the first spring element to be stretched beyond the first spring element's undeformed length when the end-side connectors are screwed into the first spring element.

20. A damping element comprising:

two spring elements coaxial with or parallel to a longitudinal axis of the damping element, and two axially mounted end-side connectors linked to the spring elements such that at least one of the spring elements is connected to the connectors wherein:

the first spring element exhibits a spring rate F and has first and second ends positioned between the two end-side connectors,

the second spring element exhibits a spring rate f and has first and second ends positioned between the two end-side connectors,

the spring rates F and f are different from each other,

one spring element comprises a spring coil; and

the damping element is prestressed, wherein each end-side connector has outer threads and each end of the first spring element has matching inner threads such that the connectors can be screwed into the first spring element.

21. A damping system comprising:

at least two bone fixation elements selected from the group comprising pedicle screws and pedicle hooks, wherein each of the bone fixation elements includes a channel; and

a damping element having a longitudinal axis, the damping element comprising:

a pair of end-connectors, each end-connector having an inner end and an outer end wherein the outer ends are sized and configured to be received within the channels formed in the bone fixation elements; and

first and second spring elements, the first spring element having a spring rate F, a first end, a second end and a central cavity, the second spring element having a spring rate f, a first end and a second end, the spring rates F and fare different from each other; and

wherein the second spring element is sized and configured to be received within the central cavity of the first spring element and the first and second ends of the first and second spring elements are operatively connected to the inner ends of the end-connectors so that the first and second spring elements are positioned between the two end-connectors; and wherein the damping element is prestessed.

22. The damping system of claim 21 , wherein the first spring element is a helical spring.

23. The damping system of claim 21 , wherein the second spring element is bar-shaped.

24. The damping system of claim 21 , wherein each of the inner ends of the end-connectors includes a threaded segment for threadably receiving threads formed on the first spring element.

25. The damping system of claim 21 , wherein each of the inner ends of the end-connectors includes a recess for receiving the second spring element.

26. The damping system of claim 21 , wherein the second spring element has a length L, the length L of the second spring element causes the first spring element to be stretched beyond the first spring element's undeformed length when the end-connectors are operatively connected to the first spring element.

27. The damping system of claim 21 , wherein the second spring element is made from a polymer.

28. The damping system of claim 21 , wherein the second spring element is made from a polycarbonate urethane.