Anti-stokes fluorescent material composition
View Patent ↗The invention relates to anti-Stokes fluorescent material compositions which, upon excitation by IR radiation, emits IR radiation without significant quantities of visible blue light being emitted at the same time, and which are therefore suitable as invisible security marks.
1. An anti-Stokes fluorescent composition comprising M, ytterbium, thulium, oxygen, and sulfur in a molar ratio relative to each other corresponding to the following formula:
(M x , Yb y , Tm z ) 2 O 2 S
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of yttrium, gadolinium, and lanthanum; x+y+z=1; x>0; y>0; and z is from 0.0025 to 0.03,
said composition having a fluorescence that, when subjected to IR radiation having a wavelength of 975 nm,
(a) emits IR light having a wavelength of 796 nm with an intensity I 796 nm , and
(b) emits visible blue light having a wavelength of 480 nm with an intensity I 480 nm ,
wherein I 796 nm is expressed as a percentage of the intensity of IR light emitted from a reference composition consisting of Y 1.524 Yb 0.474 Tm 0.0018 O 2 S when said reference composition is subjected to IR radiation having a wavelength of 975 nm;
wherein I 480 nm is expressed as a percentage of the intensity of visible blue light emitted from a reference composition consisting of Y 1.524 Yb 0.474 Tm 0.0018 O 2 S when said reference composition is subjected to IR radiation having a wavelength of 975 nm; and
wherein I 480 nm is less than 45% of said I 796 nm .
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein z is from 0.0075 to 0.02.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein y is from 0.15 to 0.3.
4. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one lanthanide metal in a proportion less than or equal to 1000 wppm relative to said Yb.
5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one lanthanide metal in a proportion less than or equal to 500 wppm relative to said Yb.
6. The composition of claims 4 or 5 , wherein said lanthanide metal is selected from the group consisting of dysprosium and samarium.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said I 480 nm is less than 40% of said I 796 nm .
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein said I 480 nm is less than 30% of said I 796 nm .
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein said I 480 nm is less than 20% of said I 796 nm .
10. A process for the preparing an anti-Stokes fluorescent composition comprising the step of sintering together an oxide of M, an oxide of Yb, an oxide of Tm, and sulfur with a flux to produce the composition of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of yttrium, gadolinium, and lanthanum.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the sintering is carried out at a sinter temperature of 800° C. to 1300° C.
12. The process of claim 10 , further comprising the step of converting a precursor composition comprising material selected from the group consisting of yttrium, gadolinium, lanthanum, ytterbium, and thulium, into an oxide of said material during said sintering step.
13. A method of authenticating an article comprising the step of providing said article with a composition of claim 1 .
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising the step analyzing the radiation emitted from the marked article after the marked article is irradiated with IR radiation.
15. An article of manufacture that has been marked with the composition of claim 1 .
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein M is yttrium.
17. The composition of claim 1 wherein M is lanthanum.