Abuse resistant opioid dosage form

1 . An abuse-resistant opioid-containing pharmaceutical dosage form which comprises an analgesically effective amount of opioid analgesic and an opioid euphoria-inhibiting amount of at least one nontoxic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, the dosage form being substantially free of opioid antagonist.

2 . The dosage form of claim 1 wherein the opioid analgesic is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alfentanil, allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine, bezitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazene, codeine, desomorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine, diampromide, diamorphone, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, eptazocine, ethoheptazine, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethylmorphine, etonitazene, fentanyl, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine, isomethadone, ketobemidone, levorphanol, levophenacylmorphan, lofentanil, meperidine, meptazinol, metazocine, methadone, metopon, morphine, myrophine, narceine, nicomorphine, norlevorphanol, normethadone, nalorphine, nalbuphene, normorphine, norpipanone, opium, oxycodone, oxymorphone, papveretum, pentazocine, phenadoxone, phenomorphan, phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, piritramide, propheptazine, promedol, properidine, propoxyphene, sufentanyl, tilidine, tramadol and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

3 . The dosage form of claim 1 wherein the opioid analgesic is at least one member selected from the group consisting of codeine, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, propoxyphene and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

4 . The dosage form of claim 1 wherein the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, memantine, amantidine, d-methadone and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

5 . The dosage form of claim 3 wherein the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, memantine, amantidine, d-methadone and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

6 . The dosage form of claim 1 which is a solid dosage form.

7 . The dosage form of claim 6 wherein the opioid analgesic is in a controlled release carrier.

8 . The dosage form of claim 7 wherein the controlled release carrier comprises a base material selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic polymer, a hydrophobic polymer, a long chain hydrocarbon, a polyalkylene glycol, higher aliphatic alcohols, acrylic resins, and mixtures thereof.

9 . The dosage form of claim 7 wherein the controlled release carrier comprises a base material having a coating that controls the release of the opioid analgesic.

10 . The dosage form of claim 1 which is a liquid dosage form.

11 . The dosage form of claim 10 which is an injectable dosage form.

12 . The dosage form of claim 1 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 800 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

13 . The dosage form of claim 1 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 200 mg to about 400 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

14 . The dosage form of claim 1 wherein the opioid analgesic is selected from the group consisting of fentanyl and sufentanyl and is present in an amount of from about 5 μg to about 250 μg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

15 . The dosage form of claim 6 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 800 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

16 . The dosage form of claim 6 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 200 mg to about 400 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

17 . The dosage form of claim 6 wherein the opioid analgesic is selected from the group consisting of fentanyl and sufentanyl and is present in an amount of from about 5 μg to about 250 μg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

18 . The dosage form of claim 11 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 800 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

19 . The dosage form of claim 11 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 200 mg to about 400 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

20 . The dosage form of claim 11 wherein the opioid analgesic is selected from the group consisting of fentanyl and sufentanyl and is present in an amount of from about 5 μg to about 250 μg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

21 . An abuse-resistant opioid-containing pharmaceutical solid dosage form which comprises an analgesically effective amount of at least one opioid analgesic selected from the group consisting of codeine, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, propoxyphene, tramadol and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and an opioid euphoria-inhibiting amount of dextromethorphan, the dosage form being substantially free of opioid antagonist.

22 . The dosage form of claim 21 wherein the opioid analgesic is in a controlled release carrier.

23 . The dosage form of claim 22 wherein the controlled release carrier comprises a base material selected from the group consisting of a hydrophilic polymer, a hydrophobic polymer, a long chain hydrocarbon, a polyalkylene glycol, higher aliphatic alcohols, acrylic resins, and mixtures thereof.

24 . The dosage form of claim 21 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 800 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

25 . The dosage form of claim 21 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 200 mg to about 400 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

26 . The dosage form of claim 22 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 800 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

27 . The dosage form of claim 22 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 200 mg to about 400 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

28 . The dosage form of claim 23 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 800 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

29 . The dosage form of claim 23 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 200 mg to about 400 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

30 . An abuse-resistant opioid-containing pharmaceutical liquid dosage form which comprises an analgesically effective amount of at least one opioid analgesic selected from the group consisting of codeine, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, propoxyphene, tramadol and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and an opioid euphoria-inhibiting amount of dextromethorphan, the dosage form being substantially free of opioid antagonist.

31 . The dosage form of claim 30 wherein the dosage form is an injectable dosage form.

32 . The dosage form of claim 31 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 800 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

33 . The dosage form of claim 31 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 200 mg to about 400 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

34 . An opioid-containing pharmaceutical dosage form which is resistant to abuse by intranasal administration which comprises an analgesically effective amount of opioid analgesic substantially free of opioid antagonist and an intranasal mucosa-irritating amount of at least one nontoxic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist.

35 . The dosage form of claim 34 wherein the opioid analgesic is at least one member selected from the group consisting of alfentanil, allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine, bezitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazene, codeine, desomorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine, diampromide, diamorphone, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, eptazocine, ethoheptazine, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethylmorphine, etonitazene, fentanyl, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine, isomethadone, ketobemidone, levorphanol, levophenacylmorphan, lofentanil, meperidine, meptazinol, metazocine, methadone, metopon, morphine, myrophine, narceine, nicomorphine, norlevorphanol, normethadone, nalorphine, nalbuphene, normorphine, norpipanone, opium, oxycodone, oxymorphone, papveretum, pentazocine, phenadoxone, phenomorphan, phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, piritramide, propheptazine, promedol, properidine, propoxyphene, sufentanyl, tilidine, tramadol and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

36 . The dosage form of claim 34 wherein the opioid analgesic is at least one member selected from the group consisting of codeine, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, propoxyphene and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

37 . The dosage form of claim 34 wherein the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, memantine, amantidine, d-methadone and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

38 . The dosage form of claim 36 wherein the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, memantine, amantidine, d-methadone and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

39 . The dosage form of claim 34 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 1 mg to about 800 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

40 . The dosage form of claim 34 wherein the opioid analgesic is present in an amount of from about 10 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 200 mg to about 400 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.

41 . The dosage form of claim 34 wherein the opioid analgesic is selected from the group consisting of fentanyl and sufentanyl and is present in an amount of from about 5 μg to about 250 μg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose and the nontoxic NMDA receptor antagonist is present in an amount of from about 100 mg to about 500 mg per 70 kg body weight per unit dose.