Optical transmission mediums, and processes and apparatus for producing optical transmission mediums
A novel process for producing an optical transmission medium comprising a drawing step of drawing a molten portion of a preform to form the optical transmission medium is disclosed. In the process, the preform is heated by irradiation with laser light thereby being partially molten, and desirably rotated in a fixed direction, during the drawing step. An apparatus comprising a means for heating and melting partially a preform by irradiation with laser light and a means for drawing a molten portion of the preform is also disclosed. A novel plastic optical transmission medium is formed of a plastic wherein molecules are oriented in a certain direction not in parallel to the longitudinal direction of said medium is also disclosed.
1 . A process for producing an optical transmission medium comprising a drawing step of drawing a molten portion of a preform of the optical transmission medium to form the optical transmission medium, wherein, during the drawing step, the preform is heated by irradiation with laser light thereby being partially molten.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said preform is formed of a plastic, and said laser light has a wavelength of 0.7 to 20.0 micrometers.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein in the drawing step, at least output of the laser light is controlled to thereby adjust the diameter of the optical transmission medium.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein irradiation energy efficiency of the laser light is 1% or above.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the laser is a carbon dioxide gas laser.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein, in the drawing step, the diameter DL of the area irradiated by said laser light satisfies the relational formula (1) below:
DL≦ 2.5 ×DP (1)
where DP (mm) is the outermost diameter of a section in a plane normal to the longitudinal direction of said preform.
7 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising before said drawing step, a preheating step of preheating said preform using a heat source other than the laser heat source to a temperature lower than the glass transition point thereof.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said preform has a distribution in the refractive index.
9 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the preform is rotated in a fixed direction during the drawing step.
10 . The process of claim 9 , wherein, in said drawing step, said preform is rotated around an axis nearly in parallel to the axis of drawing.
11 . The process of claim 9 , wherein, in said drawing step, a value of (L r /L d ) falls within a range from 0.01 to 95, where L d represents a maximum displacement per unit time of an arbitrary point on the surface of said preform caused in the drawing direction produced by drawing, and L r represents displacement per unit time thereof caused in the direction normal to said drawing direction produced by rotation.
12 . The process of claim 9 , wherein, in said drawing step, the angle of drawing falls within a range from 5° to 85°.
13 . An apparatus for producing an optical transmission medium comprising a heating means for heating and melting partially a preform of the optical transmission medium by irradiation with laser light, and a drawing means for drawing a molten portion of the preform.
14 . The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising a control means for detecting the diameter of the drawn preform, and controlling at least output of said laser light based on the detected value.
15 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein said heating means is a means for heating and melting partially said preform by irradiation with the laser light in an irradiation area having a diameter DL(mm) which satisfies the relational formula (1) below:
DL≦ 2.5 ×DP (1)
where, DP (mm) is the outermost diameter of a section in a plane normal to the longitudinal direction of said preform.
16 . The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising a preheating means for heating said preform to a temperature lower than the glass transition point thereof before said preform is heated and melted partially by said heating means.
17 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein said preheating means is a means for heating said preform by allowing it to pass through a chamber conditioned at a temperature lower than the glass transition point of said preform.
18 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein said heating means is capable of heating said preform at an energy efficiency of 1% or above.
19 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein said drawing means is a means for drawing said preform into a fiber form by producing difference between a speed at which said preform is sent downward and a speed at which said preform is pulled downward.
20 . The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein said drawing means is a means for drawing said preform into a fiber form by producing difference between a speed v 1 at which said preform is sent downward and a speed v 2 at which said preform is pulled downward, and said control means is a means for further controlling v 1 and/or v 2 based on said detected value.
21 . The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising a rotary support means for supporting said preform during drawing while keeping said preform rotated.
22 . A plastic optical transmission medium formed of a plastic wherein molecules of the plastic are oriented in a certain direction not in parallel to the longitudinal direction of said plastic optical transmission medium.
23 . The plastic optical transmission medium of claim 22 , wherein molecules of the plastic are spirally oriented around an axis which is nearly in parallel to the longitudinal direction of said plastic optical transmission medium.
24 . The plastic optical transmission medium of claim 22 , wherein molecules of said plastic oriented as being inclined by 5° to 85° away from the longitudinal direction of said plastic optical transmission medium.
25 . The plastic optical transmission medium of claim 22 , having a shrinkage factor of 2% or less when measured in a weatherability test conducted at 70° C. and 40% RH for 48 hours.
26 . The plastic optical transmission medium of claim 22 , having a knot strength of 50 MPa or above.