Electroluminescent device

1. An electroluminescent device, comprising a 2H-benzotriazole compound of the formula

where

a is 0, or 1,

b is 0, or 1,

with the proviso that if b is 1, then a is 1,

X 1 is a group of formula

if b is 1,

or Y 3 , if b is 0,

wherein

c is 0, or 1

X 2 and X 3 are independently of each other a group of formula

wherein d is 0, or 1,

Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and Ar 3 are independently of each other C 6 -C 30 aryl or a C 2 -C 26 heteroaryl, which can optionally be substituted,

Y 1 and Y 2 are independently of each other a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of

n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6 and n7 are 1, 2, or 3,

E 1 is —S—, —O—, or —NR 25′ —, wherein R 25′ is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl,

R 6 and R 7 are independently of each other H, halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by S—, —O—, or —NR 25 —, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is substituted by E, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, C 7 C 25 aralkyl, which is substituted by E, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy which is substituted by E, or —CO—R 28 ,

R 8 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 24 aryl, or C 7 -C 25 aralkyl,

R 9 and R 10 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, or C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, or

R 9 and R 10 form a five- or six-membered ring,

R 14 and R 15 are independently of each other H, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, or C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E,

D is —CO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —O—, —NR 25 —, —SiR 30 R 31 —, —POR 32 —, —CR 23 ═CR 24 —, or —C≡C—, and E is —OR 29 , —SR 29 , —NR 25 R 26 , —COR 28 , —COOR 27 , —CONR 25 R 26 , —CN, —OCOOR 27 , or halogen,

wherein

R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 are independently of each other H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—, or

R 25 and R 26 together form a five or six membered ring,

R 27 and R 28 are independently of each other H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 29 is H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 30 and R 31 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

R 32 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 8 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

Y 3 and Y 3′ are independently of each other a group of formula

R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 , R 48 , R 49 , R 50 , R 51 , R 52 , R 53 , R 54 , R 55 , R 56 , R 57 , R 58 , R 59 , R 60 , R 61 , R 62 , R 63 , R 64 , R 65 , R 66 , R 67 , R 70 , R 71 , R 72 , R 73 , R 74 , R 75 , R 76 , R 77 , R 80 , R 81 , R 82 , R 83 , R 84 , R 85 , R 86 , and R 87 are independently of each other H, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 alkenyl, which is optionally substituted by E, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, which is optionally substituted by E, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, which is optionally substituted by E, C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is optionally substituted by E, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 18 aryloxy, which is optionally substituted by E, C 7 -C 18 arylalkoxy, which is optionally substituted by E, C 1 -C 24 alkylthio, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 alkylselenium, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 alkyltellurium, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, or C 6 -C 18 aralkyl, which is optionally substituted by E, or two groups R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 , R 48 , R 49 , R 50 , R 51 , R 52 , R 53 , R 54 , R 55 , R 56 , R 57 , R 58 , R 59 , R 60 , R 61 , R 62 , R 63 , R 64 , R 65 , R 66 , R 67 , R 70 , R 71 , R 72 , R 73 , R 74 , R 75 , R 76 , R 77 , R 80 , R 81 , R 82 , R 83 , R 84 , R 85 , R 86 , and R 87 , which are neighbouring to each other, are a group

wherein A 90 , A 91 , A 92 , A 93 , A 94 , A 95 , A 96 and A 97 are independently of each other H, halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by S—, —O—, or —NR 25 —, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is substituted by E, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, which is substituted by E, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy which is substituted by E, or —CO—R 28 ,

R 68 , R 69 , R 78 , R 79 , R 88 and R 89 are independently of each other C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, or C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, or R 68 and R 69 , R 78 and R 79 , and/or R 88 and R 89 form a five- or six-membered ring, or R 68 and R 70 , R 69 and R 73 , R 77 and R 78 and/or R 84 and R 89 are a group

D is —CO—; —COO—; —S—; —SO—; —SO 2 —; —O—; —NR 25 —; —SiR 30 R 31 —; —POR 32 —; —CR 23 ═CR 24 —; or —C≡C—; and

E is —OR 29 ; —SR 29 ; —NR 25 R 26 ; —COR 28 ; —COOR 27 ; —CONR 25 R 26 ; —CN; —OCOOR 27 ; or halogen;

wherein

R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 are independently of each other H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; or

R 25 and R 26 together form a five or six membered ring,

R 27 and R 28 are independently of each other H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 29 is H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 30 and R 31 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

R 32 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl.

2. An electroluminescent device according to claim 1 , comprising a 2H-benzotriazole compound of the formula

d, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Y 3 , Y 3′ , Y 1 and Y 2 are defined as in claim 1 and

Ar 4 stand for C 6 -C 30 aryl or a C 2 -C 26 heteroaryl, which can optionally be substituted.

3. An electroluminescent device according to claim 2 , wherein

in formula II are independently of each other a group of formula

wherein

A 21 , A 22 , A 23 , A 24 , A 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 , A 15 , A 16 , A 17 and A 18 are independently of each other H, halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by S—, —O—, or —NR 25 —, —NR 25 R 26 , C 1 -C 24 alkylthio, —PR 32 , R 32 , C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is substituted by E, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, which is substituted by E, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy which is substituted by E, or —CO—R 28 , or A 22 and A 23 or A 11 and A 23 are a group

 two groups A 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 , A 15 , A 16 , A 17 and A 18 , which are neighbouring to each other, are a group

 wherein A 31 , A 32 , A 33 , A 34 , A 35 , A 36 and A 37 are independently of each other H, halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by S—, —O—, or —NR 25 —, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is substituted by E, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, which is substituted by E, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy which is substituted by E, or —CO—R 28 , D is —CO—; —COO—; —S—; —SO—; —SO 2 —; —O—; —NR 25 —; —SiR 30 R 31 —; —POR 32 —; —CR 23 ═CR 24 —; or —C≡C—; and

E is —OR 29 ; —SR 29 ; —NR 25 R 26 ; —COR 28 ; —COOR 27 ; —CONR 25 R 26 ; —CN; —OCOOR 27 ; or halogen;

wherein

R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 are independently of each other H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; or

R 25 and R 26 together form a five or six membered ring,

R 27 and R 28 are independently of each other H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 29 is H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 30 and R 31 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

R 32 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl.

4. An electroluminescent device according to claim 2 , wherein

in formula IV are independently of each other a group of formula

wherein

A 41 , A 42 , A 43 , A 44 , A 51 , A 52 , A 53 , A 54 , A 55 , A 56 , A 57 , A 58 , A 59 and A 60 are independently of each other H, halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by S—, —O—, or —NR 25 —, NR 25 R 26 , C 1 -C 24 alkylthio, —PR 32 R 32 , C 5 -C 2 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is substituted by E, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, which is substituted by E, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy which is substituted by E, or —CO—R 28 , or

A 42 and A 43 or A 42 and A 51 are a group

 two groups A 51 , A 52 , A 53 , A 54 , A 55 , A 56 , A 57 , A 58 , A 59 and A 60 , which are neighbouring to each other, are a group

 wherein A 61 , A 62 , A 63 , A 64 , A 65 , A 66 , A 67 , A 68 , A 69 and A 70 are independently of each other H, halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by S—, —O—, or —NR 25 —, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is substituted by E, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, which is substituted by E, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy which is substituted by E, or —CO—R 28 ,

D is —CO—; —COO—; —S—; —SO—; —SO 2 —; —O—; —NR 25 —; —SiR 30 R 31 —; —POR 32 —; —CR 23 ═CR 24 —; or —C≡C—; and

E is —OR 29 ; —SR 29 ; —NR 25 R 26 ; —COR 28 ; —COOR 27 ; —CONR 25 R 26 ; —CN; —OCOOR 27 ; or halogen;

wherein

R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 are independently of each other H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; or

R 25 and R 26 together form a five or six membered ring,

R 27 and R 28 are independently of each other H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 29 is H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 30 and R 31 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

R 32 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, wherein one of the substituents A 41 , A 42 , A 43 , A 44 , A 51 , A 52 , A 53 , A 54 , A 55 , A 56 , A 57 , A 58 , A 59 , A 60 , A 61 , A 62 , A 63 , A 64 , A 65 , A 66 , A 67 , A 68 , A 69 and A 70 represents a single bond.

5. An electroluminescent device according to claim 2 , wherein the 2H-benzotriazole compound is a compound of formula

A 21 , A 22 , A 23 and A 24 are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, —NR 25 R 26 , —CONR 25 R 26 , or —COOR 27 , or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl, or

A 22 and A 23 or A 11 and A 23 are a group of formula

A 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 , A 15 , A 16 , A 17 , and A 18 are independently of each other H, CN, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkylthio, C 6 -C 18 aryl, —NR 25 R 26 , —CONR 25 R 26 , or —COOR 27 , or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl,

wherein

R 25 and R 26 are independently of each other H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 7 -C 18 aralkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl, R 27 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

Y 3 is a group of formula

 wherein

R 41 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, or OC 7 -C 18 aralkyl,

R 42 is hydrogen, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl,

R 43 is hydrogen, halogen, —CONR 25 R 26 , —COOR 27 ,

E 1 is —S—, —O—, or —NR 25′ —, wherein R 25′ is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl,

R 110 is H, CN, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkylthio, —NR 25 R 26 , —CONR 25 R 26 , or —COOR 27 , or

R 42 and R 43 are a group of formula

R 44 is hydrogen, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl,

R 45 is hydrogen, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl,

A 11′ , A 12′ , A 13′ , and A 14′ are independently of each other H, CN, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkylthio, —NR 25 R 26 , —CONR 25 R 26 , or —COOR 27 ,

R 68 and R 69 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, which can be interrupted by one or two oxygen atoms,

R 70 , R 71 , R 72 , R 73 , R 74 , R 75 , R 76 , R 90 , R 91 , R 92 , and R 93 are independently of each other H, CN, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkylthio, —NR 25 R 26 , —CONR 25 R 26 , or —COOR 27 ,

R 25 and R 26 are independently of each other H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 7 -C 18 aralkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and R 27 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl.

6. An electroluminescent device according to claim 2 , wherein the 2H-benzotriazole compound is a compound of formula

(VIa), wherein d is 0, or 1,

Y 2 is a group of formula —O—, —S—, —NR 25 —,

Y 3 is a group of formula

R 9 and R 10 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, which can be interrupted by one or two oxygen atoms,

R 25 is H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 7 -C 18 aralkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl,

R 41 is C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, or C 7 -C 15 phenylalkoxy, and

R 44 is is H, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl.

7. A 2H-benzotriazole compound of the formula

a is 0, or 1,

b is 0, or 1,

with the proviso that if b is 1, then a is 1.

X 1 is a group of formula

or Y 3 , if b is 0,

wherein

c is 0, or 1

X 2 and X 3 are independently of each other a group of formula

 wherein d is 0, or 1,

Ar 1 , Ar 2 , and Ar 3 are independently of each other C 6 -C 30 aryl or a C 2 -C 26 heteroaryl, which can optionally be substituted,

Y 1 and Y 2 are independently of each other a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of

n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6 and n7 are 1, 2, or 3,

E 1 is —S—, —O—, or —NR 25′ —, wherein R 25′ is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl,

R 6 and R 7 are independently of each other H, halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by S—, —O—, or —NR 25 —, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is substituted by E, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, which is substituted by E, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy which is substituted by E, or —CO—R 28 ,

R 8 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 24 aryl, or C 7 -C 25 aralkyl,

R 9 and R 10 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, or C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, or

R 9 and R 10 form a five- or six-membered ring,

R 14 and R 15 are independently of each other H, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, or C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E,

D is —CO—, —COO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —O—, —NR 25 —, —SiR 30 R 31 —, —POR 32 —, —CR 23 ═CR 24 —, or —C≡C—, and E is —OR 29 , —SR 29 , —NR 25 R 26 , —COR 28 , —COOR 27 , —CONR 25 R 26 , —CN, —OCOOR 27 , or halogen,

wherein

R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 are independently of each other H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—, or

R 25 and R 26 together form a five or six membered ring,

R 27 and R 28 are independently of each other H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 29 is H, C 6 -C 18 aryl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 30 and R 31 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

R 32 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

Y 3 and Y 3′ are independently of each other a group of formula

R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 , R 48 , R 49 , R 50 , R 51 , R 52 , R 53 , R 54 , R 55 , R 56 , R 57 , R 58 , R 59 , R 60 , R 61 , R 62 , R 63 , R 64 , R 65 , R 66 , R 67 , R 70 , R 71 , R 72 , R 73 , R 74 , R 75 , R 76 , R 77 , R 80 , R 81 , R 82 , R 83 , R 84 , R 85 , R 86 , and R 87 are independently of each other H, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 alkenyl, which is optionally substituted by E, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, which is optionally substituted by E, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, which is optionally substituted by E, C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is optionally substituted by E, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 18 aryloxy, which is optionally substituted by E, C 7 -C 18 arylalkoxy, which is optionally substituted by E, C 1 -C 24 alkylthio, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 alkylselenium, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 alkyltellurium, which is optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, or C 6 -C 18 aralkyl, which is optionally substituted by E, or two groups R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 , R 48 , R 49 , R 50 , R 51 , R 52 , R 53 , R 54 , R 55 , R 56 , R 57 , R 58 , R 59 , R 60 , R 61 , R 62 , R 63 , R 64 , R 65 , R 66 , R 67 , R 70 , R 71 , R 72 , R 73 , R 74 , R 75 , R 76 , R 77 , R 80 , R 81 , R 82 , R 83 , R 84 , R 85 , R 86 , and R 87 , which are neighbouring to each other, are a group

 wherein A 90 , A 91 , A 92 , A 93 , A 94 , A 95 , A 96 and A 97 are independently of each other H, halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 1 -C 24 perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by S—, —O—, or —NR 25 —, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is substituted by E, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, which is substituted by E, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy, C 7 -C 25 aralkoxy which is substituted by E, or —CO—R 28 ,

R 68 , R 69 , R 78 , R 79 , R 88 and R 89 are independently of each other C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, C 6 -C 24 aryl, C 6 -C 24 aryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl, C 2 -C 20 heteroaryl which is substituted by E, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl, C 2 -C 24 alkynyl, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy, C 1 -C 24 alkoxy which is substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, or C 7 -C 25 aralkyl, or R 68 and R 69 , R 78 and R 79 , and/or R 88 and R 89 form a five- or six-membered ring, or

R 68 and R 70 , R 69 and R 73 , R 77 and R 78 and/or R 84 and R 89 are a group

D is —CO—; —COO—; —S—; —SO—; —SO 2 —; —O—; —NR 25 —; —SiR 30 R 31 —; —POR 32 —; —CR 23 ═CR 24 —; or —C≡C—; and

E is —OR 29 ; —SR 29 ; —NR 25 R 26 ; —COR 28 ; —COOR 27 ; —CONR 25 R 26 ; —CN; —OCOOR 27 ; or halogen;

wherein

R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 are independently of each other H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—; or

R 25 and R 26 together form a five or six membered ring,

R 27 and R 28 are independently of each other H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 29 is H; C 6 -C 18 aryl; C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, or C 1 -C 24 alkoxy; C 1 -C 24 alkyl; or C 1 -C 24 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—,

R 30 and R 31 are independently of each other C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 8 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl, and

R 32 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 6 -C 18 aryl, or C 6 -C 18 aryl, which is substituted by C 1 -C 24 alkyl.