Optical device and display operating in two dimensional and autostereoscopic three dimensional modes
An optical device comprises an input polarizer 4 , a patterned retarder 5 and an output polarizer 12 . The retarder 5 has regions 8 and 9 , at least one of which alters the polarization of light from the input polarizer 4 . The output polarizer 7 has a transmission axis 12 such that light passing through the regions 8 and 9 of the retarder 5 and through the output polarizer 7 is matched in amplitude, phase and polarization. Such a device may be used as a switchable parallax barrier with an LCD 2 to provide a display which is switchable between an autostereoscopic 3D mode and a 2D mode with the 2D mode having more uniform intensity across the display.
1. An optical device comprising an input polarizer ( 4 ) for passing light having a first polarization direction ( 11 ), a polarization modifying element ( 5 ) for receiving light of the first polarization direction from the input polarizer ( 4 ), and an output polarizer ( 7 ) for analysing light from the polarization modifying element ( 5 ), the polarization modifying element ( 5 ) comprising polarization directions of at least first and second sets of regions ( 8 , 9 ) asymmetric with respect to the first polarization direction, each region ( 8 ) of the first set changing the polarization of light from the input polarizer ( 4 ) to a second polarization direction different from the first polarization direction and each region ( 9 ) of the second set supplying light of a third polarization direction different from the second polarization direction to output a non-uniform wavefront,
wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) cooperates with the polarization modifying element ( 5 ) such that each first light path through each region ( 8 ) of the first set and the output polarizer ( 7 ) has substantially the same attenuation and phase change to light from the input polarizer ( 4 ) as each second light path through each region ( 9 ) of the second set and the output polarizer ( 7 ) to output a uniform wavefront,
the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged to transmit only the slow axis component of light from the first and second sets of regions ( 8 , 9 ), and
the polarization modifying element ( 5 ) comprises a patterned retarder, and wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged to transmit equal proportions of slow and fast axis components of light from each of the first and second sets of regions ( 8 , 9 ).
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the regions ( 8 , 9 ) of the first and second sets are interleaved and comprise first and second parallel strips, respectively.
3. A device as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the first strips ( 8 ) have a first width and the second strips ( 9 ) have a second width greater than the first width.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second and third polarization directions are substantially orthogonal.
5. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the third polarization direction is the same as the first polarization direction.
6. A device as claimed in claim 1 , and having an alternative mode of operation in which the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged to pass light from the regions ( 8 ) of one of the first and second sets and to attenuate light from the regions ( 9 ) of the other of the first and second sets.
7. A device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the one of the first and second sets is the first set.
8. A device as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged substantially to block light from the other ( 9 ) of the first and second sets in the alternative mode.
9. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the retarder ( 5 ) comprises a photo-polymerised polymer.
10. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the retarder ( 5 ) provides a half wave of retardation at a visible light frequency.
11. A device as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set is oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of each region ( 9 ) of the second set is parallel to the first polarization direction.
12. A device as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) transmits light having a polarization direction oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction.
13. A device as claimed in claim 12 , and having an alternative mode of operation in which the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged to pass light from the regions ( 8 ) of one of the first and second sets and to attenuate light from the regions ( 9 ) of the other of the first and second sets, wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged substantially to block light from the other ( 9 ) of the first and second sets in the alternative mode, and wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is flipped by 180° in the alternative mode so as to transmit light having a polarization direction substantially orthogonal to the first polarization direction.
14. A device as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set is oriented at 22.5° to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of each region ( 9 ) of the second set is oriented at −22.5° to the first polarization direction.
15. A device as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set is parallel to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of each region ( 9 ) of the second set is oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction.
16. A device as claimed in claim 1 , and comprising a further polarization modifying element ( 25 ) between the input and the output polarizers.
17. A device as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the further element ( 25 ) is a further retarder.
18. A device as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the further retarder ( 25 ) provides a half wave of retardation at a visible light frequency.
19. A device as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the further retarder ( 25 ) is a liquid crystal device.
20. A device as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the retarder ( 5 ) provides a half wave of retardation at a visible light frequency, wherein the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set is oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of each region ( 9 ) of the second set is parallel to the first polarization direction, and wherein the further retarder ( 25 ) has a slow axis oriented at 22.50° to the first polarization direction.
21. A device as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) transmits light having a polarization direction parallel to the first polarization direction.
22. A device as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged substantially to block light from the other ( 9 ) of the first and second sets in the alternative mode, and wherein the further retarder ( 25 ) and the output polarizer ( 7 ) are rotatable as a unit through 180° about an axis parallel to the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set for the alternative mode.
23. A device as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the further retarder ( 25 ) comprises at least one region whose slow axis is switchable between a first orientation substantially parallel to the first and second light paths and a second orientation substantially perpendicular to the first orientation.
24. A device as claimed in claim 23 , wherein the further retarder ( 25 ) is a Freedericksz cell.
25. A device as claimed in claim 23 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged substantially to block light from the other ( 9 ) of the first and second sets in the alternative mode, wherein the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set is oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of each region ( 9 ) of the second set is parallel to the first polarization direction, and wherein the first orientation is for the alternative mode, the second orientation is oriented at 22.5° to the first polarization direction, and the output polarizer ( 7 ) transmits light having a polarization direction perpendicular to the first polarization direction.
26. A device as claimed in claim 23 , wherein the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set is oriented at 22.5° to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of each region ( 9 ) of the second set is oriented at −22.5° to the first polarization direction, and comprising a further polarization modifying element ( 25 ) between the input and the output polarizers, and wherein the second orientation is for the alternative mode and is oriented at 67.5° to the first polarization direction and the output polarizer ( 7 ) transmits light having a polarization direction perpendicular to the first polarization direction.
27. A device as claimed in claim 23 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged substantially to block light from the other ( 9 ) of the first and second sets in the alternative mode, that wherein the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set is parallel to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of each region ( 9 ) of the second set is oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction, and characterised in that wherein the second orientation is for the alternative mode and is oriented at 22.5° to the first polarization direction and the output polarizer ( 7 ) transmits light having a polarization direction oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction.
28. A device as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the further retarder ( 25 ) comprises at least one region whose slow axis is switchable between third and fourth orientations substantially perpendicular to the first and second light paths.
29. A device as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged substantially to block light from the other ( 9 ) of the first and second sets in the alternative mode, wherein the slow axis of each region ( 8 ) of the first set is oriented at 22.50° to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of each region ( 9 ) of the second set is oriented at −22.5° to the first polarization direction, and wherein the third orientation is perpendicular to the first polarization direction and the fourth orientation is for the alternative mode and is oriented at 67.5° to the first polarization direction.
30. A device as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the further element ( 25 ) is a polarization rotator.
31. A device as claimed in claim 30 , wherein the slow axis of the or each region ( 8 ) of the first set is oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction and the slow axis of the or each region ( 9 ) of the second set is parallel to the first polarization direction, and wherein the rotator ( 25 ) comprises at least one region which provides a polarization rotation of 45°.
32. A device as claimed in claim 31 , wherein the rotator ( 25 ) comprises a twisted nematic liquid crystal device.
33. A device as claimed in claim 32 , wherein the liquid crystal device ( 25 ) has an alignment direction ( 50 ), at a liquid crystal surface nearer the input polarizer ( 4 ), parallel to the first polarization direction and an alignment direction ( 51 ), at a liquid crystal surface nearer the output polarizer ( 7 ), oriented at 45° to the first polarization direction.
34. A device as claimed in claim 32 , wherein the liquid crystal device ( 25 ) has an alignment direction ( 50 ), at a liquid crystal surface nearer the input polarizer ( 4 ), oriented at 22.5° to the first polarization direction and an alignment direction ( 51 ), at a liquid crystal surface nearer the output polarizer ( 7 ), oriented at 112.5° to the first polarization direction.
35. A device as claimed in claim 32 , wherein the liquid crystal device ( 25 ) has an alignment direction ( 50 ), at a liquid crystal surface nearer the input polarizer ( 4 ), oriented at 12.5° to the first polarization direction and an alignment direction ( 51 ), at a liquid crystal surface nearer the output polarizer ( 7 ), oriented at 102.5° to the first polarization direction.
36. A device as claimed in claim 30 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged substantially to block light from the other ( 9 ) of the first and second sets in the alternative mode, and wherein the polarization rotator ( 25 ) is disableable for the alternative mode.
37. A display comprising a device as claimed in claim 1 .
38. A display as claimed in claim 37 , comprising a spatial light modulator ( 2 ).
39. A display as claimed in claim 38 , wherein the modulator ( 2 ) is a liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
40. A display as claimed claim 37 , having an autostereoscopic mode.
41. A display as claimed in claim 40 , wherein the output polarizer ( 7 ) is arranged substantially to block light from the other ( 9 ) of the first and second sets in the alternative mode, and wherein the device ( 25 ) when in the alternative mode forms a front or rear parallax barrier.