Filter appliance and inner container for a filter appliance
View Patent ↗A filter appliance including a dilution device, wherein the diluted portion remains largely constant when the entire volume flow is modified. Said filter device is characterized in that the flow characteristic—defined by the pressure loss function Δp B ({dot over (V)} B )—of the constituents of the dilution line B is adapted to the flow characteristic defined by the pressure loss function Δp A ({dot over (V)} A )—of the constituents of the filter line A, in such a way that the dilution condition holds good for at least one diluted portion X where X={dot over (V)} B /{dot over (V)} A +{dot over (V)} B for volume flows between be {dot over (V)} 1 =10 liters per hour and {dot over (V)} 2 =120 liters per hour, first volume flow range, for at least one second volume flow range of at least 5 liters per hour inside the first volume flow range, Δp A ({dot over (V)} A ) designating the pressure drop over the dilution line B according to the respective volume flows {dot over (V)} A , {dot over (V)} B in liters/min of the water in lines A and B.
1. A filter device for purification and/or for at least partial dealkalization of raw water, comprising:
a raw water inlet and a pure water outlet,
a filter line A having one flow channel segment and a first filtration segment, and
a blending line B having an adjustable distribution valve and a second filtration segment, wherein the filter line A and blending line B are connected to raw water inlet by a separation device that divides the raw water inlet into two partial flows of the filter line A and the blending line B, wherein the adjustable distribution valve is separate from the separation device and located in blending line B downstream from the separation device, and wherein the filter line A and blending line B are connected to a pure water outlet by a connection device, wherein both filtration segments are arranged in an inner container, wherein flow characteristics of components of the blending line B, defined by the pressure loss function Δp B ({dot over (V)} B ), is adapted utilizing the adjustable distribution valve and the second filtration segment, to a flow characteristic of components of the filter line A, defined by the pressure loss function Δp A ({dot over (V)} A ), in such a manner, that for at least one blended portion X with X={dot over (V)} B /({dot over (V)} A +V B ), for volume flows of a first volume flow range between {dot over (V)} 1 =10 l/h to {dot over (V)} 2 =120 l/h, for at least a second volume flow range having a range of at least 5 l/h within the first volume flow range, a blend condition:
V
.
B
1
-
X
X
-
V
.
A
V
.
A
≤
0.15
=
G
is satisfied, whereby G represents a threshold value of the blended condition, Δp A ({dot over (V)} A ) the pressure loss in the filter line A and Δp B ({dot over (V)} B ) a pressure loss in the blending line B, in dependence of the volume flows {dot over (V)} A , {dot over (V)} B in liters per minute of water in the lines A and B.
2. The filter device according to claim 1 , wherein the distribution valve ( 20 a ) and the second filtration segment ( 20 b ) are designed in such a fashion that in the second volume flow range: Δp B1 ({dot over (V)} B )<{dot over (V)}p B2 ({dot over (V)} B ) is fulfilled, whereby Δp B1 (V B ) is a pressure loss function of the distribution valve ( 20 a ) and Δp B2 ({dot over (V)} B ) is a pressure loss function of the second filtration segment ( 20 b ).
3. The filter device according to claim 2 , wherein, in a fully open state, the distribution valve ( 20 a ) has a flow characteristic Δp B1 ({dot over (V)} B ), which is adapted to a flow characteristic Δp A1 ({dot over (V)} A ) of the flow channel segment ( 10 a ), and that pressure loss functions Δp A2 ({dot over (V)} A ) and Δp B2 ({dot over (V)} B ) of the first and the second filtration segments ( 10 b , 20 b ) are mutually adjusted, whereby the adjustment depends on the desired blending.
4. The filter device according to claim 3 , wherein a cross flow surface Q A and Q B , expressed in m 2 , and distances h a and h b , expressed in m, of the first and the second filtration segments ( 10 b , 20 b ), are adjusted in such a way that, for pressure loss function D A and D B , expressed in kPah/m 3 , of the two filtration segments ( 10 b , 20 b ), following relationship is satisfied:
D
A
=
X
1
-
X
D
B
whereby
D
A
=
∫
0
h
A
S
A
(
h
)
Q
A
(
h
)
ⅆ
h
D
B
=
∫
0
h
B
S
B
(
h
)
Q
B
(
h
)
ⅆ
h
and S A (h) and S B (h), expressed in kPah/m 2 , are pressure loss coefficients of the filter materials.
5. The filter device according to claim 1 , wherein, in a fully open state, the distribution valve ( 20 a ) has a flow characteristic Δp B1 ({dot over (V)} B ), which is adapted to a flow characteristic Δp A1 ({dot over (V)} A ) of the flow channel segment ( 10 a ), and that pressure loss functions Δp A2 ({dot over (V)} A ) and Δp B2 ({dot over (V)} B ) of the first and the second filtration segments ( 10 b , 20 b ) are mutually adjusted, whereby the adjustment depends on the desired blending.
6. The filter device according to claim 5 , wherein a cross flow surface Q A and Q B , expressed in m 2 , and distances h a and h b , expressed in m, of the first and the second filtration segments ( 10 b , 20 b ), are adjusted in such a way that, for pressure loss function D A and D B , expressed in kPah/m 3 , of the two filtration segments ( 10 b , 20 b ), the following relationship is satisfied:
D
A
=
X
1
-
X
D
B
whereby
D
A
=
∫
0
h
A
S
A
(
h
)
Q
A
(
h
)
ⅆ
h
D
B
=
∫
0
h
B
S
B
(
h
)
Q
B
(
h
)
ⅆ
h
and S A (h) and S B (h), expressed in kPah/m 2 , are pressure loss coefficients of filter materials.
7. The filter device according to claim 6 , wherein, Q A lies in the range of 5 cm 2 to 600 cm 2 and Q B lies in the range of 1 cm 2 to 300 cm 2 .
8. The filter device according claim 1 , further comprising having filter material in filter line A or B or a combination thereof being filter granular material with average grain size in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm.
9. The filter device according to claim 1 , further comprising having filter material in filter line A or B or a combination thereof being a filter block with an average pore size in the range of 0.1 to 100 μm.
10. The filter device according to claim 1 , wherein outflow from the outlet of the second filtration segment ( 20 b ) flows into the first filtration segment ( 10 b ).
11. The filter device according to claim 10 , wherein the outflow from the outlet of the second filter segment ( 20 b ) flows into a second half of the first filtration segment ( 10 b ).
12. The filter device according to claim 1 , wherein the inner container comprises a first filter chamber ( 54 ), in which a second filter chamber ( 55 ) is arranged, whereby each filter chamber ( 54 , 55 ) is connected with a partial flow flowing in from above, and below both the filter chambers ( 54 , 55 ) a common collection chamber ( 57 ) with the pure water outlet ( 5 ) arranged for collection of filtered partial flows.
13. The filter device according to claim 12 , wherein at least one of the filter chambers ( 54 , 55 ) is subdivided into at least two chamber segments ( 54 a , 54 b ), in which different filter materials are arranged.
14. The filter device according to claim 12 , wherein filter materials are arranged in the common collection chamber ( 57 ) or in the pure water outlet ( 5 ), or a combination thereof.
15. The filter device according to claim 12 , wherein both the filter chambers ( 54 , 55 ) extend up from the common collection chamber ( 57 ), whereby the first filter chamber ( 54 ) surrounds the second filter chamber ( 55 ) in annular form.
16. The filter device according to claim 15 , wherein the inner container comprises a bottom wall, wherein on the bottom wall ( 52 ) of the inner container ( 50 ), an annular drainage plate ( 71 ) with filtrate orifices ( 72 ) is mounted, which has radial collection channels ( 73 ) on the side facing the bottom wall ( 52 ), and a cupular insert chamber ( 70 ), extends upwards from the drainage plate ( 71 ).
17. The filter device according to claim 12 , wherein the inner container comprises a bottom wall, wherein on the bottom wall ( 52 ) of the inner container ( 50 ), an annular drainage plate ( 71 ) with filtrate orifices ( 72 ) is mounted, which has radial collection channels ( 73 ) on the side facing the bottom wall ( 52 ), and a cupular insert chamber ( 70 ) extends upwards from the drainage plate ( 71 ).
18. The filter device according to claim 17 , wherein a double-walled pipe ( 60 ) is mounted in the inner container ( 50 ).
19. The filter device according to claim 18 , wherein there is an outer pipe ( 61 a ) of the double-walled pipe ( 60 ) which projects into the first filter chamber ( 54 ).
20. The filter device according to claim 19 , wherein the outer pipe ( 61 a ) has a distributor device ( 63 ) in the area of the first filter chamber ( 54 ) for distribution of inflowing water.
21. The filter device according to claim 20 , wherein the distributor device ( 63 ) has nozzles ( 62 ) encircling a perimeter of the outer pipe ( 61 a ).
22. The filter device according to claim 21 , wherein the first filter chamber ( 54 ) is filled at least with ion exchanger resin.
23. The filter device according to claim 21 , wherein the second filter chamber ( 55 ) is filled at least with activated carbon.
24. The filter device according to claim 12 , wherein the first filter chamber ( 54 ) is filled at least with ion exchanger resin.
25. The filter device according to claim 12 , wherein the second filter chamber ( 55 ) is filled at least with activated carbon.