Multiple-output dc-dc converter
View Patent ↗The multiple-output DC-DC converter comprises an inductor (L) and a main switch (S 0 ) which periodically couples a DC-input voltage (Vin) to the inductor (L). Each one of a multitude of loads (L 1, L 2 , L 3 ) is coupled to the inductor (L) via one of a multitude of output switches (S 1, S 2, S 3 ). One of a multitude of output voltages (V 1, V 2, V 3 ) is present across each of the loads (L 1, L 2 , L 3 ). A controller (CO) controls the main switch (S 0 ) and the output switches (S 1, S 2, S 3 ) in sequences (SE) of cycles (CY). Each one of the cycles (CY 1, CY 2, CY 3 ) contains an on-phase of the main switch (S 0 ) followed by an on-phase of one of the multitude of output switches (S 1, S 2, S 3 ). The cycles (CY 1, CY 2, CY 3 ) have either a predetermined first (minimum) duty cycle (D 1 ) or a second (maximum) duty cycle (D 2 ) which is larger than the first duty cycle (D 1 ). The controller (CO) comprises a multitude of comparators ( 10, 11, 12 ) which each compare one of the multitude of output voltages (V 1, V 2, V 3 ) with an associated one of a multitude of reference voltages (VR 1, VR 2, VR 3 ). The controller (CO) further checks whether the number of the multitude of output voltages (V 1, V 2, V 3 ) which have a value above their associated reference voltage (VR 1, VR 2, VR 3 ) is larger than, smaller than, or equal to the number of the multitude of output voltages (V 1, V 2, V 3 ) which have a value below their associated reference voltage (VR 1, VR 2, VR 3 ). The duty cycles are selected such that the number of cycles (CY 1, CY 2, CY 3 ) with the minimal duty cycle (D 1 ) are larger than, smaller than, or equal to the number of cycles with the maximum duty cycle (D 2 ), respectively.
1. A multi-output DC-DC converter comprising:
an inductor,
a main switch for periodically coupling a DC-input voltage to the inductor,
a plurality of output switches coupled to the inductor, each one for generating an associated one of a plurality of output voltages to an associated one of a plurality of loads, and
a controller for controlling the main switch and the output switches in a sequence of cycles, each one of the cycles comprising an on-phase of the main switch followed by an on-phase of one of the plurality of the output switches the controller comprising:
a plurality of comparators each one for comparing an associated one of the plurality of output voltages with an associated one of a plurality of reference voltages,
means for determining whether a number of the output voltages which have a value above their associated reference voltage is larger than, smaller than, or equal to a number of the plurality of output voltages which have a value below their associated reference voltage,
means for generating the cycles either with a first duty cycle or a second duty cycle being larger than the first duty cycle to obtain a first number of cycles with the first duty cycle and a second number of cycles with the second duty cycle, the first number being: (1) larger than the second number if the number of the output voltages which have a value above, their associated reference voltage is larger than the number of the plurality of output voltages which have a value below their associated reference voltage; (2) smaller than the second number if the number of the output voltages which have a value above their associated reference voltage is smaller than the number of the plurality of output voltages which have a value below their associated reference voltage; or (3) equal to the second number the second number if the number of the output voltages which have a value above their associated reference voltage is equal to the number of the plurality of output voltages which have a value below their associated reference voltage.
2. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first number is equal to the number of output voltages which have a value above their associated reference voltage, and wherein the second number is equal to the number of output voltages which have a value below their associated reference voltage.
3. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the means for generating the cycles comprises a sequencer for controlling an order of the cycles in a sequence wherein, as much as possible at the present values of the first number and the second number, one of the cycles with the second duty cycle precedes one of the cycles with the first duty cycle.
4. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the means for generating the cycles comprises a sequencer for controlling an order of the cycles in a sequence to first comprise all the cycles the second duty cycle and then all the cycles with the first duty cycle.
5. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the means for generating the cycles comprises a means for allocating: the first number of the first duty cycles as much as possible to cycles associated with output voltages that have a value below their corresponding reference voltage, and the second number of the second duty cycles as much as possible to cycles associated with output voltages which have a value above their corresponding reference voltage.
6. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the means for allocating the number of duty cycles is adapted for further allocating the first duty cycle to cycles associated with output voltages that have a value above their corresponding reference voltage if the first number is larger than the number of output voltages that have a value below their associated reference voltage.
7. A multi-output DC-DC convener as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the means for allocating is adapted for further allocating the second duty cycle to cycles associated with output voltages that have a value below their associated reference voltage if the second number is larger than the number of output voltages that have a value above their associated reference voltage.
8. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the means for allocating is adapted for allocating to a predetermined one of the cycles in a sequence wherein a lowest amount of energy is transferred to one of the output voltages of which the value is above the associated reference voltage.
9. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the means for allocating is adapted for allocating as a first one of the cycle in a sequence an output voltage of which the value is above the associated reference voltage and to which a first duty cycle is allocated.
10. A multi-output DC-DC convener as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the means for allocating is adapted for allocating to a predetermined one of the cycles in a sequence wherein a highest amount of energy is transferred to one of the output voltages of which the value is below the associated reference voltage.
11. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the means for allocating is adapted for allocating, in a sequence, a last cycle to which a second duty cycle is allocated to an output voltage of which the value is below the associated reference voltage and to which a second duty cycle is allocated.
12. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the means for allocating is adapted to allocate in a next sequence the second duty cycle to a particular one of the output voltages, if in a preceding sequence the first duty cycle is allocated to this particular one of the output voltages while the associated reference voltage is lower.
13. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the means for allocating is adapted to allocate in a next sequence the first duty cycle to a particular one of the output voltages, if in a preceding sequence the second duty cycle is allocated to this particular one of the output voltages while the associated reference voltage is higher.
14. A multi-output DC-DC convener as claimed in 1 , the multi-output DC-DC converter further comprising mode detectors, each one being associated with one of the multiple output voltages for keeping track of a mode of each one of a multiple outputs, each mode detector having three states, a first state indicating whether no load current is drawn from the associated output, a second state and a third state wherein load current is drawn from the associated output, if the associated output is in the first state and the associated output voltage is smaller than its associated reference voltage the third state is entered, if the associated output is in the first state and the associated output voltage is larger than its associated reference voltage the first state will be maintained, if the associated output is in the second state and the associated output voltage is larger than its associated reference voltage the first state is entered, if the associated output is in the second state and the associated output voltage is smaller than its associated reference voltage the third state is entered, if the associated output is in the third state and the associated output voltage is smaller than its associated reference voltage the third state is maintained, if the associated output is in the third state and the associated output voltage is larger than its associated reference voltage the second state is entered.
15. A multi-output DC-DC converter as claimed in 14 , the means for generating the cycles further comprising a sequence controller for controlling a number of cycles required in a sequence such that cycles are generated only for outputs that are in the second state or the third state.
16. A method of controlling a multi-output DC-DC converter comprising: an inductor, a main switch for periodically coupling a DC-input voltage to the inductor, a plurality of output switches coupled to the inductor, each one for supplying an associated one of a plurality of output voltages to an associated one of a plurality of loads, the method comprising: controlling the main switch and the output switches in a sequence of cycles, each one of the cycles containing an on-phase of the main switch followed by an on-phase of one of the plurality of the output switches, the method of controlling comprising:
comparing a corresponding one of the plurality of output voltages with an associated one of a plurality of reference voltages,
determining whether a number of the output voltages that have a value above their associated reference voltage, is larger than, smaller than, or equal to a number of the plurality of output voltages that have a value below their associated reference voltage, and
generating the cycles either only with a first duty cycle or a second duty cycle being larger than the first duty cycle to obtain a first number of cycles with the first duty cycle and a second number of cycles with the second duty cycle, the first number being: (1) larger than the second number if the number of the output voltages which have a value above their associated reference voltage is larger than the number of the plurality of output voltages which have a value below their associated reference voltage; (2) smaller than the second number if the number of the output voltages which have a value above their associated reference voltage is smaller than the number of the plurality of output voltages which have a value below their associated reference voltage; or (3) equal to the second number the second number if the number of the output voltages which have a value above their associated reference voltage is equal to the number of the plurality of output voltages which have a value below their associated reference voltage.