Markers for detection of gastric cancer
Early detection of tumors is a major determinant of survival of patients suffering from tumors, including gastric tumors. Members of the GTM gene family can be over-expressed in gastric tumor tissue and other tumor tissue, and thus can be used as markers for gastric and other types of cancer. GTM proteins can be released from cancer cells, and can reach sufficiently high concentrations in the serum and/or other fluids to permit their detection. Thus, methods and test kits for detection and quantification of GTM can provide a valuable tool for diagnosis of gastric cancer.
1. A method for detecting specific cancer markers to determine the efficacy of surgical, radiotherapeutic, and/or chemotherapeutic treatments in a patient having gastric cancer and treating said patient, comprising:
(a) providing a tissue sample from said patient;
(b) detecting, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) over-expression of the gastric tumor markers (GTMs), cystatin SN (CST1) protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO:108 using a forward primer consisting of SEQ ID NO:3, a reverse primer consisting of SEQ ID NO:25 and a probe consisting of SEQ ID NO:47, and measuring expression of one or more of the GTMs, inhibin beta A (INHBA), osteopontin (SPP1), and secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) in said sample;
(c) calculating the ratios of expression of said CST1, INHBA, SPP1 and SFRP4 in said tissue sample compared to expression of said CST1, INHBA, SPP1 and SFRP4 from non-tumor tissue, by calculating the ΔCT (target gene CT−mean reference cDNA CT), where ΔCT is directly proportional to the negative log 2 fold change, relative to the median non-malignant log 2 fold change, where the ratios of expression in said tissue sample to the level of expression in said non-tumor tissue are greater than 525, 34, 40 and 56, respectively, thereby indicating the presence of gastric cancer; and (d) treating the patient by surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising detecting over-expression of at least one additional GTM family member protein selected from the group consisting of serum proteinase inhibitor, Clade H (heat shock protein 47) member 1 (collagen binding protein 1), (SERPINH1), matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12), insulin-like growth factor 7 (IGFBP7), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), leucine proline-enriched proteoglycan (LEPRE1), cystatin S (CST4), asporin (ASPN), cell growth regulator with EF hand domain 1 (CGREF1), kallikrein, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), secreted acidic cysteine-rich protein (SPARC), transforming growth factor (TGFB1), EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 (EFEMP2), lumican (LUM), stannin (SNN), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 2 (CSPG2), carboxypeptidase N (CPN2), N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (ASAH1), serine protease 11 (PRSS11), secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), phospholipase A2, group XIIB (PLA2G12B), extracellular matrix protein (SPON), olfactomedin 1 (OLFM1), thrombospondin repeat containing 1 (TSRC1), thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), adlican, cystatin SA (CST2), lysyl oxidase-like enzyme 2 (LOXL2), thyroglobulin (TG), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1), transforming growth factor β induced protein (TGFB-I) serine or cysteine proteinase inhibitor clade B (SERPINB5) matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), kallikrein 10 (KLK10), hyaluronin and proteoglycan link protein 4 (HAPLN4), serine protease 11 (PRSS11), and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2).
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said step of detecting is carried out by detecting over-expression of GTM mRNA.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said step of detecting is carried out by detecting cDNA.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising detecting over-expression of SERPINB5 in said sample.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising detecting over-expression of one or more of SFRP2, TSRC1, THBS2, LOXL2, SERPINB5, and human cell growth regulator with EF hand domain 1 (CGR11) in said sample.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising detecting over-expression of one or more GTMs selected from the group consisting of adlican, ASPN, CSPG2, cystatin SA (CST2), cystatin S (CST4), EFEMP2, GGH, human insulin-like growth factor 7 (IGFBP7), kallikrein 10 (KLK10), LEPRE1, LUM, LOXL2, MMP12, TIMP1, ASAH1, SFRP2, SFRP4, human cell growth regulator with EF hand domain 1 (CGR11), THBS2, SPARC, PRSS11, TG, and human transforming growth factor, beta-induced, 68 kDa (TGFBI) in said sample.