Method for producing hardened parts from sheet steel
View Patent ↗The invention relates to a method for producing hardened structural parts from sheet steel. The method includes shaping at least one shaped part made of sheet steel provided with a cathodic corrosion protection coating, performing any required final trim of the shaped part and possibly any required punching, or the creation of a perforation pattern, subsequently heating the shaped part, at least over partial areas, under the admission of atmospheric oxygen to a temperature which permits austenizing of the steel material, and thereafter transferring the structural part to a mold-hardening tool and performing mold-hardening in the mold-hardening tool, wherein the structural part is cooled by the contact with and pressing by the mold-hardening tool and is hardened thereby.
1. A method for producing hardened structural parts from sheet steel, wherein the hardened structural parts have cathodic corrosion protection, comprising:
shaping at least one shaped part made of sheet steel provided with a cathodic corrosion protection coating, wherein the cathodic corrosion protection coating is applied using a hot-dip galvanizing, wherein the coating is a mixture comprising zinc, and the mixture contains at least one element with affinity to oxygen in a total amount of 0.1 weight-% to 15 weight-% in relation to the entire coating, and wherein in the course of heating the sheet steel to the temperature required for hardening, a skin of an oxide of the at least one element with affinity to oxygen is formed on a surface of the sheet steel thus imparting cathodic corrosion protection;
performing a final trim of the shaped part, punching, and/or the creation of a perforation pattern, prior to, during or after shaping of the shaped part;
heating the shaped part, at least over partial areas, under the admission of atmospheric oxygen to a temperature which permits austenizing of the steel material subsequent to performing the final trim, punching, and/or the creation of a perforation pattern on the shaped part; and
thereafter transferring the structural part to a mold-hardening tool and performing mold-hardening in the mold-hardening tool, wherein the structural part is cooled by the contact with and pressing by the mold-hardening tool and is hardened thereby;
wherein the shaping and trimming, as well as punching and arrangement of a perforated pattern on the structural part, are performed in such a way that the shaped part is embodied to be 0.5% to 2.0% smaller than the finished structural part.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein magnesium and/or silicon and/or titanium and/or calcium and/or aluminum are employed as the elements with affinity to oxygen.
3. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein 0.2 weight-% to 5 weight-% of the elements with affinity to oxygen are used.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein 0.26 weight-% to 2.5 weight-% of the elements with affinity to oxygen are used.
5. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein aluminum is substantially employed as the element with affinity to oxygen.
6. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the coating mixture is selected in such a way that, in the course of heating, the coating forms an oxide skin of oxides of the element(s) with affinity to oxygen and the coating forms at least two phases, wherein a zinc-rich and an iron-rich phase are formed.
7. The method in accordance with claim 6 , wherein the iron-rich phase is formed at a ratio of zinc to iron of 0.20 to 0.80 (Zn/Fe=0.20 to 0.80), and the zinc-rich phase is formed at a ratio of zinc to iron of 2.3 to 19.0 (Zn/Fe=2.3 to 19.0).
8. The method in accordance with claim 6 , wherein the iron-rich phase has a ratio of zinc to iron of approximately 30:70, and the zinc-rich phase has a ratio of zinc to iron of approximately 80:20.
9. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the coating contains individual areas with zinc proportions >90% zinc.
10. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the coating is designed in such a way that, at an initial thickness of 15 μm, the coating has a cathodic protection effect of at least 4 J/cm 2 after the hardening process.
11. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the coating with the mixture of zinc and the elements with affinity to oxygen takes place in the course of a passage through a liquid metal bath at a temperature of 425° C. to 690° C. with subsequent cooling of the coated sheet.
12. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the coating with the mixture of zinc and the elements with affinity to oxygen takes place in the course of a passage through a liquid metal bath at a temperature of 440° C. to 495° C. with subsequent cooling of the coated sheet.
13. The method in accordance with claim 1 , comprising using a layer having a constant thickness over the structural part as the cathodic corrosion-protection coating.
14. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein an amount of time above the austenizing temperature is less than or equal to 10 minutes.
15. The method in accordance with claim 1 , characterized in that a holding temperature in the heating phase is maximally 780 to 950° C.
16. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein in the course of mold-hardening the areas of close tolerance of the shaped structural part, in particular the cut edges, the shaped edge and the perforation pattern, are clamped free of warping by the molding tool halves, wherein shaped part areas located outside the areas of close tolerance can be subjected to a further shaping step in the hot state.
17. The method in accordance with claim 1 , comprising pressing and hardening the shaped part with the molding tool halves substantially simultaneously over the full surface and with the same force.