Modified protease inhibitors
DX-890 inhibits elastase. DX-890 can be attached a single polyethylene glycol moiety. The polyethylene glycol is at least 18 kDa in molecular weight and is attached to the polypeptide by a single covalent bond to the N-terminus of the polypeptide.
1 . A conjugate comprising DX-890 covalently attached to a poly(alkylene oxide).
2 . The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein said poly(alkylene oxide) is a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG).
3 . The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) is terminally capped with an end-capping moiety selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenoxy, substituted alkenoxy, alkynoxy, substituted alkynoxy, aryloxy and substituted aryloxy.
4 . The conjugate of claim 3 , wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) is terminally capped with a methoxy group.
5 . The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein said DX-890 is covalently attached to one or more poly(alkylene oxide) moieties.
6 . The conjugate of claim 5 , wherein the total poly(alkylene oxide) molecular weight is 20,000 daltons or greater.
7 . The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) has a structure selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, and forked.
8 . The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein said DX-890 is covalently attached to said poly(alkylene oxide) by a hydrolyzable linkage.
9 . The conjugate of claim 8 , wherein said hydrolyzable linkage comprises a collection of atoms selected from the group consisting of carboxylate ester, phosphate ester, hydrolyzable carbamate, anhydride, acetal, ketal, acyloxyalkyl ether, imine, orthoester, thioester, thiolester, and carbonate.
10 . The conjugate of claim 9 , wherein said hydrolyzable linkage comprises a collection of atoms selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzable carbamates, ester, and carbonate.
11 . The conjugate of claim 10 , wherein said hyrolyzable linkage is a hydrolyzable carbamate, and said conjugate comprises the structure:
PEG-L-Ar—O—C(O)—NH—P
where
PEG is a poly(ethylene glycol) having a molecular weight of from about 100 to about 60 kD,
L is a hydrolytically stable linking group,
Ar is an aromatic group,
P is DX-890, and
—NH represents an amino group of DX-890.
12 . The conjugate of claim 11 , wherein PEG is a methoxy PEG possessing the structure CH 3 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n —CH 2 CH 2 —, where n ranges from about 10 to about 1200, and L is —O— or —HN—CO—.
13 . The conjugate of claim 12 , comprising the structure:
14 . The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein said DX-890 is covalently attached to said poly(alkylene oxide) by a hydrolytically stable linkage.
15 . The conjugate of claim 14 , wherein said hydrolytically stable linkage comprises an atom or collection of atoms selected from the group consisting of ether, thioether, amide, and urethane.
16 . The conjugate of claim 15 , wherein said hydrolytically stable linkage is an amide linkage resulting from covalent attachment of said poly(alkylene oxide) to an amino group of DX-890.
17 . The conjugate of claim 16 , wherein said poly(alkylene oxide) is covalently attached to one or more amino groups selected from the group consisting of lysine residues and the N-terminus of DX-890.
18 . The conjugate of claim 17 , wherein said poly(alkylene oxide) is covalently attached to one or more DX-890 amino acid sites selected from the group consisting of Glu 1 , lys 25 , lys 27 , lys 42 and lys 47 .
19 . The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein DX-890 is covalently attached to a single poly(alkylene) oxide moiety.
20 . A composition comprising a plurality of mono-PEGylated conjugates of claim 2 , wherein each of said mono-PEGylated conjugates comprises a single PEG moiety covalently attached to a different amino acid site of DX-890.
21 . The composition of claim 19 , further comprising di- and tri-PEGylated DX-890.
22 . A composition comprising a conjugate in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the composition is substantially free of non-covalently attached poly(alkylene oxide).
23 . A purified composition comprising, as its only PEG conjugate component, mono-PEGylated DX-890.
24 . A purified composition comprising, as its only PEG conjugate component, di-PEGylated DX-890.
25 . A conjugate of claim 1 , having a structure selected from either:
P—[NH—CH 2 —(CH 2 ) 2,3 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n —OCH 3 ] 1-5
or
P—[NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 2,3 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n —OCH 3 ] 1-5
wherein
P is DX-890
—NH represents an amino group of DX-890, and
n ranges from 10 to 1550.
26 . A compound that comprises a polypeptide including the amino acid sequence of DX-890 or an amino acid sequence that differs by at least one, but fewer than six amino acid differences from the amino acid sequence of DX-890, wherein the polypeptide is conjugated to a single polyethylene glycol moiety, the polyethylene glycol moiety being at least 18 kDa in molecular weight and attached to the polypeptide to the N-terminus of the polypeptide.
27 . The compound of claim 26 wherein the polyethylene glycol moiety is at least 20 kDa in molecular weight.
28 . The compound of claim 27 wherein the polyethylene glycol moiety is at least 25 kDa in molecular weight.
29 . The compound of claim 26 that inhibits elastase.
30 . The compound of claim 26 wherein the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of DX-890.
31 . The compound of claim 26 wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that differs by at least one, but fewer than six amino acid differences from the amino acid sequence of DX-890.
32 . The compound of claim 31 wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that differs by at least one, but fewer than three amino acid differences from the amino acid sequence of DX-890.
33 . The compound of claim 31 wherein the differences are amino acid substitutions.
34 . The compound of claim 31 wherein the amino acid sequence is identical to the amino acid sequence of DX-890 at least five positions selected from the group consisting of positions 5, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31, 32, 34, 38, 39, 51, and 55 according to the BPTI numbering.
35 . A pharmaceutical preparation that includes (i) a compound according to claim 26 , and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
36 . A pharmaceutical preparation that includes (i) a compound according to claim 5 , and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
37 . A method of treating or preventing a pulmonary disorder, the method comprising:
administering, to a subject having or at risk for a pulmonary disorder, a compound according to claim 1 , in amount effective to treat or prevent the disorder.
38 . The method of claim 37 wherein the disorder is cystic fibrosis.
39 . The method of claim 37 wherein the disorder is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
40 . The method of claim 39 wherein the compound is administered in an amount effective to reduce the destructive index in the subject.
41 . The method of claim 37 wherein the compound is delivered by inhalation.
42 . A method of treating or preventing an inflammatory disorder, the method comprising:
administering, to a subject having or at risk for an inflammatory disorder, a compound according to claim 1 , in amount effective to treat or prevent the disorder.
43 . The method of claim 42 wherein the disorder is an inflammatory bowel disorder.
44 . The method of claim 43 wherein the disorder is Crohn's diseases.
45 . The method of claim 43 wherein the disorder is ulcerative colitis.
46 . The conjugate of claim 11 , wherein said poly(alkylene oxide) is covalently attached to one or more amino groups selected from the group consisting of lysine residues and the N-terminus of DX-890.
47 . The composition of claim 20 , further comprising di- and tri-PEGylated DX-890.