Post weld heat treatment for chemically stabilized austenitic stainless steel
View Patent ↗Thermo-mechanical properties of welds in stainless steel is substantially improved by the implementation of a post weld heat treatment that illiminates sigma phase in the heat treated zone and favors niobium carbonitride precipitate formation in a desirable size range. In most cases, post weld heat treated material can be employed in pressurized devices at temperatures exceeding 550° C., which is currently regarded the upper safe temperature limit, and material according to the inventive subject matter was tested at temperature of up to 850° C. without reheat cracking.
1. A method of treating austenitic stainless steel having a weld, comprising:
subjecting the weld to a stress relief temperature that is below a temperature in which a metal carbonitride is formed;
subjecting the weld to a solution anneal temperature that is effective to dissolve delta ferrite and that is below a temperature in which grain growth occurs; and
subjecting the weld to a stabilization anneal temperature of at least 927° C. to thereby avoid stigmatization, and wherein the stabilization anneal temperature is selected to promote formation of niobium carbonitride precipitates having a size between 300 Å to 600 Å.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the weld is heated to the stress relief temperature using a temperature gradient of between 14° C. to 25° C. per minute.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the weld is subjected to the stress relief temperature for a period of at least 120 minutes, and wherein the stress relief temperature is between 590° C. and 600° C.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the weld is heated from the stress relief temperature to the solution anneal temperature using a temperature gradient of between 18° C. to 30° C. per minute.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the weld is subjected to the solution anneal temperature for a period of at least 120 minutes, and wherein the stress relief temperature is between 1038° C. and 1066° C.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the weld is cooled from the solution anneal temperature to the stabilization anneal temperature using a temperature gradient of between 1.5° C. to 3° C. per minute.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the weld is subjected to the stabilization anneal temperature for a period of at least 60 minutes, and wherein the stabilization anneal temperature is between 945° C. to 965° C.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising a step of including the treated austenitic stainless steel in an equipment and operating the equipment at a temperature of no less than 550° C.
9. A method of treating austenitic stainless steel having a weld, comprising:
heating the weld to a stress relief temperature of between 510° C. and 648° C. using a ramp-up rate of at least 14° C. per minute;
heating the weld to a solution anneal temperature of between 1010° C. and 1177° C. using a ramp-up rate of at least 18° C. per minute; and
cooling the weld to a stabilization anneal temperature of at least 930° C. using a ramp-down rate of less than 3° C. per minute, wherein the stabilization anneal temperature is selected such as to promote formation of niobium carbonitride precipitates having a size between 300 Å to 600 Å.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein at least one of the stress relief temperature, the solution anneal temperature, and the stabilization anneal temperature is maintained for a period sufficient to impart reheat cracking resistance at a temperature of no less than 650° C.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein at least one of the stress relief temperature, the solution anneal temperature, and the stabilization anneal temperature is maintained for a period sufficient to impart reheat cracking resistance at a temperature of no less than 750° C.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein at least one of the stress relief temperature, the solution anneal temperature, and the stabilization anneal temperature is maintained for a period sufficient to impart reheat cracking resistance at a temperature of no less than 850° C.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein the solution anneal temperature and the stabilization anneal temperature are maintained for a period sufficient to substantially completely prevent sigmatization in the treated austenitic stainless steel.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein the stabilization anneal temperature is maintained for a period sufficient to promote formation of niobium carbonitride precipitates having a size between 300 Å to 600 Å.