Benzothiazole derivatives for the treatment of diabetes

1 . A benzothiazole derivative according to formula I:

as well as its tautomers, its geometrical isomers, its optically active forms as enantiomers, diastereomers and its racemate forms, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein

G is a pyrimidinyl group;

L is an C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, an amino group, or a 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; and

R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, aryl, halogen, cyano and hydroxy,

for the treatment of metabolic disorders mediated by insulin resistance or hyperglycemia, comprising diabetes type II, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome.

2 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the disease is diabetes type II.

3 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl.

4 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the compound has any of formulae (Ia), (Ia′) or (Ia″):

wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, aryl, halogen, cyano, and hydroxy; and

L is an amino group of the formula —NR 3 R 4 , wherein

R 3 and R 4 are each independently from each other H, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, saturated or unsaturated 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl, (wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl groups may be fused with 1-2 further cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group), C 1 -C 6 -alkyl aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl heteroaryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl heteroaryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkynyl aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkynyl heteroaryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl heterocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl heterocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkynyl cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkynyl heterocycloalkyl; or

R 3 and R 4 may form a ring together with the nitrogen to which they are bound.

5 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 4 , wherein R 3 is hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl or propyl group and R 4 is selected from the group consisting of a (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl-aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl-heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and 4-8 membered saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl.

6 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 4 , wherein R 3 and R 4 form an optionally substituted piperazine or a piperidine or a morpholine or a pyrrolidine ring together with the nitrogen to which they are bound, whereby said optional substituent is selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, saturated or unsaturated 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl, (wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl groups may be fused with 1-2 further cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group), C 1 -C 6 -alkyl aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl heteroaryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl heteroaryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkynyl aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkynyl heteroaryl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl heterocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl heterocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkynyl cycloalkyl, and C 1 -C 6 -alkynyl heterocycloalkyl.

7 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 5 , wherein L is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein n is 1 to 10, and

R 5 and R 5′ are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of H, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, aryl or hetero-aryl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-aryl, and C 1 -C 6 -alkyl-heteroaryl.

8 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(1-piperazinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-benzyl-1-piperidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-morpholinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(methylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-4-pyrimidinyl)-acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[4-(benzyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(dimethylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(propylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[4-(2-pyrazinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonittile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-[2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(5-bromo-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]pyridimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{methyl[3-(methylamino)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-1[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

tert-butyl({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)acetate;

{2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile;

{2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(benzylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

isopropyl 3-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)propanoate;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

tert-butyl 4-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]phenylcarbamate;

(2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)amino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino)}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-{4-[hydroxy(oxido)amino]phenyl}ethyl)amino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl]amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

4-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]benzene-sulfonamide;

{2-[(2-pyridin-3-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl)[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(1H-tetraazol-5-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(benzyloxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(4-pyridin-3-ylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(3-pyridin-2-ylpropoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(1-oxidopyridin-3-yl)methoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(4-pyridin-2-ylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-butoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

{2-[4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile;

[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl][5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetonitrile;

N-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)ethyl]-4-chlorobenzamide;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-methoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}oxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)methyl]-benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile;

1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-formylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile;

[2-({4-[(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benxyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl](1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile;

(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-{2-[4-(4-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-benzyloxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-acetonitrile;

4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester;

2-[4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetamide;

(2-{4-[4-(2-Amino-acetyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(3H-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-acetonitrile;

[4-(4-{4[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester;

(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-(2-{4-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-acetonitrile;

4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid dimethylamide;

(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-{2-[4-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-benzyloxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-acetonitrile; and

(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-(2-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-acetonitrile.

9 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one supplementary drug selected from the group consisting of insulin, aldose reductase inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonyl urea agents, biguanides, thiazolidines, PPARs agonists, and GSK-3 inhibitors.

10 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 9 , wherein said supplementary drug is selected from the group consisting of a rapid acting insulin, an intermediate acting insulin, a long acting insulin, a combination of intermediate and rapid acting insulins, Minalrestat, Tolrestat, Sorbinil, Methosorbinil, Zopolrestat, Epalrestat, Zenarestat, Imirestat, Ponalrestat, ONO-2235, GP-1447, CT-112, BAL-ARI 8, AD-5467, ZD5522, M-16209, NZ-314, M-79175, SPR-210, ADN 138, or SNK-860, Miglitol, Acarbose, Glipizide, Glyburide, Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide, Tolazamide, and Glimepriride.

11 . The benzothiazole derivative according to claim 1 , wherein n is 1 to 6.

12 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising the benzothiazole derivative according to claim 1 and an adjuvant, carrier, diluent, or excipient.

13 . A method for the treatment of metabolic disorders mediated by insulin resistance or hyperglycemia, comprising diabetes type II, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome, which comprises administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 12 to a human or other mammal in need thereof.

14 . A method for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of metabolic disorders mediated by insulin resistance or hyperglycemia, comprising diabetes type II, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome, which comprises combining the benzothiazole derivative according to claim 1 with an adjuvant, carrier, diluent, or excipient.