Conjugated polymers, their preparation and use thereof

1. A polymer comprising at least 5 mol % of units of the formula (1),

where the symbols used have the following meanings:

X is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case CR 2 , N(R 1 ), —CR 2 —CR 2 — or —N(R 1 )—CR 2 —;

Z is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case CR or N;

R is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy chain which has from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and in which one or more nonadjacent carbon atoms may also be replaced by N(R 1 )—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—O—, C═O, —C(R 1 )═C(R 1 )— or —C≡C—, where one or more H atoms may also be replaced by fluorine or an aromatic radical R 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system or an aryloxy group having from 5 to 40 carbon atoms, in which one or more carbon atoms may also be replaced by O, S or N and which may also be substituted by one or more nonaromatic radicals R, where two or more of the radicals R may together also form an aromatic or aliphatic, monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or fluorine, chlorine, CN, N(R 1 ) 2 , Si(R 1 ) 3 or B(R 1 ) 2 ;

R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain which has from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and in which one or more nonadjacent carbon atoms may also be replaced by O, S, —CO—O—, —O—CO—O—, C═O, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, where one or more H atoms may also be replaced by fluorine, an aryl, heteroaryl or aryloxy group which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and in which one or more carbon atoms may also be replaced by O, S or N, which may also be substituted by one or more nonaromatic radicals R 1 , where one or more radicals R 1 or R 1 and further radicals R may together also form an aromatic or aliphatic, monocyclic or polycyclic ring system;

n is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case 0 or 1;

characterized in that the polymer further comprises at least 0.01 mol %, of units of the formula (2),

where the symbols and indices have the following meanings:

A is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case S, O or N(R 1 );

Z is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case CR* or N, with the proviso that the central unit (II) is not a quinoxaline, not a benzothiadiazole and not an unsubstituted anthracene and with the further proviso that at least one radical R* is not hydrogen;

R* is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy chain which has from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and in which one or more nonadjacent carbon atoms may also be replaced by N(R 1 )—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—O—, C═O, —C(R 1 )═C(R 1 )— or —C≡C—, where one or more H atoms may also be replaced by fluorine or an aromatic radical R 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system or an aryloxy group having from 5 to 40 carbon atoms, in which one or more carbon atoms may also be replaced by O, S or N and which may also be substituted by one or more nonaromatic radicals R*, where two or more of the radicals R* may together also form an aliphatic, monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or fluorine, chlorine, CN, N(R 1 ) 2 , Si(R 1 ) 3 or B(R 1 ) 2 ;

m is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case 1, 2 or 3;

the further symbols are as described under the formula (1);

and the broken-line bond in formula (1) and formula (2) as in all further formulae indicates the linkage in the polymer.

2. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it is conjugated.

3. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it additionally comprises further structural elements.

4. The polymer as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that the further structural elements improve the hole injection properties and/or hole transport properties of the polymer.

5. The polymer as claimed in claim 4 , characterized in that the structural elements are selected from the classes of triarylamine derivatives, benzidine derivatives, tetraarylene-para-phenylenediamine derivatives, phenothiazine derivatives, phenoxazine derivatives, dihydrophenazine derivatives, thianthrene derivatives, dibenzo-p-dioxin derivatives, phenoxathiin derivatives, carbazole derivatives, azulene derivatives, thiophene derivatives, pyrrole derivatives and furan derivatives.

6. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the further structural elements improve the electron injection properties and/or electron transport properties of the polymer.

7. The polymer as claimed in claim 6 , characterized in that the structural elements are selected from the classes of pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridazine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, triazine derivatives, anthracene derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, benzothiadiazole derivatives, quinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, phenazine derivatives and triarylboranes.

8. The polymer as claimed in claim 4 , characterized in that the further structural elements comprise combinations of individual units as claimed in claim 4 .

9. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the further structural elements influence the morphology or possibly also the emission color of the polymers.

10. The polymer as claimed in claim 9 , characterized in that these structural elements are selected from the classes of 1,4-phenylene derivatives, 1,4-naphthylene derivatives, 1,4-anthrylene derivatives, 9,10-anthrylene derivatives, 1,6-pyrenylene derivatives, 2,7-pyrenylene derivatives, 4,9-pyrenylene derivatives, 3,9-perylenylene derivatives, 3,10-perylenylene derivatives, 2,7-phenanthrenylene derivatives, 3,6-phenanthrenylene derivatives, 4,4′-biphenylylene derivatives, 4,4″-terphenylylene derivatives, 4,4′-bi-1,1′-naphthylylene derivatives, 5,7-dihydrodibenzooxepinylene derivatives, 4,4′-stilbenzylene derivatives and 4,4″-bisstyrylarylene derivatives.

11. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that at least one further structural element which has charge transport properties is present.

12. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that in structural units of the formula (1), Z═CR.

13. The polymer as claimed in claim 12 , characterized in that the structural units of the formula (1) are selected from among the group consisting of fluorenes of the formula (3), 9,9′-spirobifluorenes of the formula (4) which may be substituted by a C 1 -C 40 organic radical or be unsubstituted, dihydrophenanthrenes of the formula (5), trans-indenofluorenes of the formula (6) and cis-indenofluorenes of the formula (7),

wherein

R is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy chain which has from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and in which one or more nonadjacent carbon atoms may also be replaced by N(R 1 )—, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—O—, C═O, —C(R 1 )═C(R 1 )— or —C≡C—, where one or more H atoms may also be replaced by fluorine or an aromatic radical R 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system or an aryloxy group having from 5 to 40 carbon atoms, in which one or more carbon atoms may also be replaced by O, S or N and which may also be substituted by one or more nonaromatic radicals R, where two or more of the radicals R may together also form an aromatic or aliphatic, monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or fluorine, chlorine, CN, N(R 1 ) 2 , Si(R 1 ) 3 or B(R 1 ) 2 ;

R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain which has from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and in which one or more nonadjacent carbon atoms may also be replaced by O, S, —CO—O—, —O—CO—O—, C═O, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, where one or more H atoms may also be replaced by fluorine, an aryl, heteroaryl or aryloxy group which has from 5 to 40 carbon atoms and in which one or more carbon atoms may also be replaced by O, S or N, which may also be substituted by one or more nonaromatic radicals R 1 , where one or more radicals R 1 or R 1 and further radicals R may together also form an aromatic or aliphatic, monocyclic or polycyclic ring system.

14. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that in units of the formula (2):

Z is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case CR, with the restrictions mentioned in claim 1 continuing to apply;

A is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case O or S;

m is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case 1 or 2;

the further symbols are as defined under claim 1 .

15. The polymer as claimed in claim 14 , characterized in that in units of the formula (2):

Z is identical or different on each occurrence and is in each case CR, with the restrictions mentioned in claim 1 continuing to apply and at least two radicals R being different from hydrogen;

A is S on each occurrence;

R is as defined under claim 1 ;

R 1 is as defined under claim 1 ;

m is 1 on each occurrence.

16. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the proportion of structural units of the formula (1) is at least 10 mol % and the proportion of structural units of the formula (2) is at least 5 mol %.

17. A blend of at least one polymer as claimed in claim 1 with further polymeric, oligomeric, dendritic or low molecular weight substances.

18. Solutions and formulations comprising one or more polymers or blends as claimed in claim 1 in one or more solvents.

19. A polymeric light-emitting diode(PLED) PLED having one or more active layers of which at least one comprises one or more polymers or blends as claimed in claim 1 .

20. An organic field effect transistor (OFET), organic thin film transistor (OTFT), organic integrated circuit (O-IC), organic solar cell (O-SC) or organic laser diode (O-laser) comprising one or more polymers or blends as claimed in claim 1 .