Ectoparasiticidal formulations of spinosyms and azole pesticides

1 ) An antiparasitic formulation, wherein:

the formulation comprises one or more spinosyns in combination with one or more compounds of formula (I) and/or salts thereof;

formula (I) corresponds in structure to:

Ar is 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl or 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl;

A is S(O) m , CH═CH, O, or NH;

as to W and Z:

W is N, and Z is CR 5 ; or

W is CR 1 , and Z is N or CR 5 ;

R 1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, halogen, or R 20 S(O)q;

R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, aryl, cyano, halogen, nitro, YR 20 , S(O) 2 NR 8 R 9 , CHO, NR 8 R 9 , or CYNR 8 R 9 ;

R 4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, acyl, or optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl;

R 5 is hydrogen, alkyl, optionally substituted amino, or halogen;

R 8 and R 9 are independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, acyl, or aryl;

R 20 is optionally substituted alkyl;

Y is O or S;

m is zero, 1, or 2;

p is zero or 1;

n is zero, 1, or 2;

q is zero, 1, or 2;

any alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylthio comprises 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

any alkenyl or alkynyl comprises 2 to 5 carbon atoms;

the alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkenyl, or alkynyl portion of any substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkenyl, or alkynyl is substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, YR 20 , dihalocyclopropyl, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted amino, acyloxy, and aryl;

any aryl is phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, haloalkylsulphonyl, cyano, or nitro;

any acyl is alkanoyl comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulphonyl, or haloalkylsulphonyl;

any optionally substituted amino is NR 8 R 9 ; and

R 4 is not alkyl when:

W is CR 1 ,

Z is CR 5 , and

n and p are both zero.

2 ) The formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is 5-chloro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazol-2-yl-3-methyl-1-H pyrazole or a salt thereof.

3 ) The formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the formulation comprises a mixture of two or more spinosyns.

4 ) The formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the mixture is spinosad.

5 ) The formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the one or more compounds of formula (I) (and/or salts thereof) to the one or more spinosyns is from 1:10 to 10:1.

6 ) A method of controlling an ectoparasite infestation, wherein the method comprises simultaneously or sequentially administering:

one or more spinosyns, and

one or more compounds of formula (I) recited in claim 1 (and/or salts thereof).

7 ) The method according to claim 6 , wherein the method comprises administering:

spinosad, and

5-chloro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(4,5 -dicyano-1H-imidazol-2-yl-3-methyl-1-H pyrazole or a salt thereof.

8 ) The method according to claim 6 , wherein the one or more spinosyns and one or more compounds of formula (I) (and/or salts thereof) are administered simultaneously.

9 ) The method according to claim 8 , wherein the one or more spinosyns and one or more compounds of formula (I) (and/or salts thereof) are in a single preparation.

10 ) The method according to claim 6 , wherein the ectoparasites are ticks.

11 ) The method according to claim 6 , wherein the ectoparasites are fleas.

12 ) The formulation according to claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the 5-chloro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazol-2-yl-3-methyl-1-H pyrazole (or salt thereof) to the one or more spinosyns is from 1:10 to 10:1.

13 ) The formulation according to claim 2 , wherein the formulation comprises a mixture of two or more spinosyns.

14 ) The formulation according to claim 3 , wherein the ratio of the one or more compounds of formula (I) (and/or salts thereof) to the two or more spinosyns is from 1:10 to 10:1.

15 ) The formulation according to claim 4 , wherein the ratio of the one or more compounds of formula (I) (and/or salts thereof) to the spinosad is from 1:10 to 10:1.

16 ) The formulation according to claim 13 , wherein the ratio of the 5-chloro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazol-2-yl-3-methyl-1-H pyrazole (or salt thereof) to the two or more spinosyns is from 1:10 to 10:1.

17 ) The formulation according to claim 13 , wherein the mixture is spinosad.

18 ) The formulation according to claim 17 , wherein the ratio of the 5-chloro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazol-2-yl-3-methyl-1-H pyrazole (or salt thereof) to the spinosad is from 1:10 to 10:1.

19 ) The method according to claim 7 , wherein the spinosad and 5-chloro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazol-2-yl-3-methyl-1-H pyrazole (or salt thereof) are administered simultaneously.

20 ) The method according to claim 19 , wherein spinosad and 5-chloro-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazol-2-yl-3-methyl-1-H pyrazole (or salt thereof) are in a single preparation.

21 ) A use of one or more spinosyns in combination with one or more compounds of formula (I) (and/or salts thereof) recited in claim 1 , wherein the use comprising making a medicament for controlling an ectoparasite infestation by simultaneously or sequentially administering the one or more spinosyns in combination with one or more compounds of formula (I) (and/or salts thereof).