Polycyclic Pyridines as Potassium Ion Channel Modulators

1 . A compound according to Formula I:

wherein

A and B are independently substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl,

wherein

W 1 and Z 1 are independently

W 2 and Z 2 are independently —NH— or —N═;

X is a bond or —NR 4 —;

s and t are independently integers from 1 to 4;

k is an integer from 1 to 3;

R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently H, —NO 2 , —CF 3 , -L 1 -OR 6 , -L 2 -NR 7 R 8 , -L 3 -CONR 7 R 8 , -L 4 -COOR 6 , -L 5 -COR 6 , -L 6 -SO 2 R 6 , -L 7 -SO 2 NR 7 R 8 , cyano, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 4 and R 5 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, -L 3 -CONR 7 R 8 , -L 4 -COOR 6 , -L 5 -COR 6 , -L 6 -SO 2 R 6 , or -L 7 -SO 2 NR 7 R 8 ;

wherein

L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , L 5 , L 6 , and L 7 are independently a bond, or substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 6 ) alkylene;

R 6 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and

R 7 and R 8 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —COR 81 , or —SO 2 R 81 ,

R 81 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, wherein

R 7 and R 8 are optionally joined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

wherein if s is greater than one, then each R 1 is optionally different;

wherein if k is greater than one, then each R 2 is optionally different;

wherein if t is greater than one, then each R 3 is optionally different;

wherein two R 1 groups are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein two R 2 groups are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein two R 3 groups are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein R 1 and R 2 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein R 2 and R 4 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein R 2 and R 5 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein R 2 and R 3 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein R 1 and X are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein R 2 and X are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring;

wherein R 2 and R 5 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring; and

wherein R 3 and R 5 are optionally joined together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered ring.

2 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein B is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolyl.

3 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein B is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl.

4 . The compound of claim 3 , wherein Z 1 is

and Z 2 is —N═.

5 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 5 is H.

6 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein X is a bond.

7 . The compound of claim 6 , wherein A is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyridazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted isothiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl.

8 . The compound of claim 7 , wherein A is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolyl.

9 . The compound of claim 8 , wherein A is unsubstituted pyridinyl, unsubstituted pyrazinyl, unsubstituted thiazolyl, unsubstituted pyrazolyl, or unsubstituted N-methylpyrazolyl.

10 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is H, —OR 6 , —NR 7 R 8 , —NO 2 , halogen, substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 5 ) alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2- to 5-membered heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

11 . The compound of claim 10 , wherein R 1 is H, —NH 2 , Br, F, Cl, —CF 3 , methyl, —OCH 3 , —NH—C(O)—CH 3 , —NH—C(O)—CH 2 CH 3 or unsubstituted morpholino.

12 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein k is 0.

13 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is —CF 3 , Cl, F, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.

14 . The compound of claim 13 , wherein R 2 is substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl.

15 . The compound of claim 13 , wherein R 2 is —CF 3 , —OCH 3 , —OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ,

—OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 C(O)OCH 3 , —OCH 2 C(O)OCH 3 , —C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , —CN, —NHC(O)CH 3 , or

16 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is H, —OH, —NH 2 , NO 2 , —SO 2 NH 2 , halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

17 . The compound of claim 16 , wherein R 3 is substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinonyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiophenyl, substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted dihydroquinolinyl.

18 . The compound of claim 16 , wherein R 3 is substituted or unsubstituted morpholino, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholino, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinonyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyranyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrothiophenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrothiopyranyl.

19 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is -L 1 -OR 6 , -L 2 -NR 7 R 8 , -L 3 -CONR 7 R 8 , -L 4 -COOR 6 , or -L 5 -COR 6

wherein

R 6 is H, substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2- to 6-membered heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl;

R 7 and R 8 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2- to 6-membered heteroalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

20 . The compound of claim 19 , wherein

R 6 is H, unsubstituted (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, —CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , or unsubstituted benzyl;

R 7 and R 8 are independently H, methyl, ethyl, —C(O)CH 3 or unsubstituted pyridinyl;

wherein R 7 and R 8 are optionally joined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form an unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl;

L 1 is a bond, methylene, ethylene, or propylene;

L 2 is a bond, methylene, or ethylene;

L 3 is a bond;

L 4 is a bond or ethylene;

L 5 is a bond.

21 . The compound of claim 20 , wherein R 3 is —OCH 3 ,

—OCH 2 CH 3 ,

—C(═O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , —C(═O)OCH 3 , —(CH 2 ) 2 C(═O)OCH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 OH, —(CH 2 ) 2 OH, —(CH 2 ) 3 OH, or —N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ).

22 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 and R 5 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl.

23 . The compound of claim 22 , wherein R 4 and R 5 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2- to 6-membered heteroalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl.

24 . The compound of claim 23 , wherein R 4 and R 5 are independently H, methyl, —C(O)OC(CH 3 ) 3 , —C(O)CH 3 , or unsubstituted pyridinyl.

25 . A metal complex, comprising a polyvalent metal ion and a polydentate component of a metal ion chelator, wherein said polydentate component is a compound according to claim 1 .

26 . The complex of claim 25 , wherein said polyvalent metal ion is from iron, zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, or nickel.

27 . A method of decreasing ion flow through potassium ion channels in a cell, said method comprising contacting said cell with a potassium ion channel-modulating amount of a compound of one of claims 1 - 22 , or 33 - 37 , or a complex of one of claims 24 or 25 .

28 . The method according to claim 27 , wherein said potassium ion channel comprises at least one SK subunit.

29 . A method of treating a disease through modulation of a potassium ion channel, said method comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment, an effective amount of a compound of one of claims 1 - 22 , or 33 - 37 , or a complex of one of claims 24 or 25 .

30 . The method according to claim 29 , wherein said disorder or condition is selected from central or peripheral nervous system disorders, neuroprotective agents, gastroesophogeal reflux disorder, gastrointestinal hypomotility disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, secretory diarrhea, asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinorrhea, convulsions, vascular spasms, coronary artery spasms, renal disorders, polycystic kidney disease, bladder spasms, urinary incontinence, bladder outflow obstruction, ischemia, cerebral ischemia, ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, Reynaud's disease, intermittent claudication, Sjorgren's syndrome, arrhythmia, hypertension, myotonic muscle dystrophia, xerostomi, diabetes type II, hyperinsulinemia, premature labor, baldness, cancer, and immune suppression.

31 . The method according to claim 30 , wherein said central or peripheral nervous system disorder comprises migraine, ataxia, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorders, trigeminal neuralgia, spasticity, mood disorders, brain tumors, psychotic disorders, myokymia, seizures, epilepsy, hearing and vision loss, psychosis, anxiety, depression, dementia, memory and attention deficits, Alzheimer's disease, age-related memory loss, learning deficiencies, anxiety, traumatic brain injury, dysmenorrhea, narcolepsy and motor neuron diseases.

32 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of one of claims 1 - 22 , or 33 - 37 , or a complex of one of claims 24 or 25 .

33 . The compound of claim 1 , having the formula:

wherein

A is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolyl,

R 5 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —COR 6 , —COOR 6 , —CONR 7 R 8 , —SO 2 R 6 , or —SO 2 NR 7 R 8 ; and

X is a bond.

34 . The compound of claim 33 , wherein A is substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl.

35 . The compound of claim 1 , having the formula:

wherein

G is substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl, substituted or unsubstituted azetidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted azepanyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted morpholino, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholino, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted diazepanyl, substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiadiazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted triazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl;

R 3 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, —OR 6 , or halogen;

R 5 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 31 and R 32 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, —OR 311 , —NR 312 R 313 , —COR 311 , —COOR 311 , —CONR 312 R 313 , —SO 2 R 311 , —SO 2 NR 312 R 313 , oxo, NO 2 , cyano, imino, or halogen;

R 33 is H, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;

R 312 and R 313 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, —COR 314 , or —SO 2 R 314 , wherein

R 314 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl; and

R 311 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.

36 . The compound of claim 1 , having the formula:

wherein

W 3 is a bond, —O—, —S—, —N(R 32 )—, or —C(R 34 R 35 )—;

v is an integer from 0 to 2;

R 3 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, —OR 6 , or halogen;

R 5 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

R 31 , R 34 , and R 35 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl OR 311 , —NR 312 R 313 , —COR 311 , —COOR 311 , —CONR 312 R 313 , oxo, —NO 2 , cyano, imino, or halogen;

R 32 is H, alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 7-membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR 311 , —COR 311 , —COOR 311 , —CONR 312 R 313 , —SO 2 R 311 , —SO 2 NR 312 R 313 , oxo, NO 2 , cyano, imino, or halogen;

R 33 is H or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;

R 312 and R 313 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, —COR 314 , or —SO 2 R 314 , wherein

R 314 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl; and

R 311 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.

37 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound is:

(6-Thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-(5-thiophen-3-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, (3-3 Methoxy-6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-amine, 4 (5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-isoquinolin-3-yl)-(6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, (3-Methoxy-6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,3′]bipyridinyl-6′-yl)-amine, (3-Methoxy-6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-(5-morpholin-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, (5-Pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-(6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, 1-{6-[6-(5-Chloro-thiazol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-pyridin-3-yl}-pyrrolidin-2-one, 4-Methyl-1-[6-(6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazin-2-one, [6-(5-Chloro-thiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl]-(5-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, [5-(1,3-Dihydro-isoindol-2-ylmethyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-(6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, 1-Methyl-4-[6-(6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-[1,4]diazepan-5-one, (3-Methoxy-6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-(5-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, (5-Phenyl-pyridin-2-yl)-(6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, (5-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-[6-(4-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-amine, (5-Chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-(6-pyrazin-2-yl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine, [5-(3-Fluoro-phenyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-[6-(4-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-amine, 1-[6-(6-Thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-piperazin-2-one, 1-[6-(3-Methoxy-6-thiazol-2-yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-pyrrolidin-2-one, or [6-(5-Chloro-thiazol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,3′]bipyridinyl-6′-yl)-amine.