Methods Of Forming Alpha And Beta Tantalum Films With Controlled And New Microstructures
Thin tantalum films having novel microstructures are provided. The films have microstructures such as nanocrystalline, single crystal and amorphous. These films provide excellent diffusion barrier properties and are useful in microelectronic devices. Methods of forming the films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) deposition methods are also provided, as are microelectronic devices incorporating these films.
1 . A tantalum film having a nanocrystalline microstructure as characterized by a broad x-ray diffraction peak at 2θ=38° and continuous electron diffraction rings.
2 . The tantalum film of claim 1 , wherein the tantalum is α-tantalum.
3 . The tantalum film of claim 1 , having a resistance of 30-50 μΩ cm.
4 . The tantalum film of claim 1 , having a net diffusion distance of less than 10 nm after annealing with copper at a temperature between 650°-750° C. for 1 hour.
5 . A tantalum film having a single crystal microstructure as characterized by an x-ray diffraction peak at 2θ=55° and characteristic (100) spot diffraction pattern.
6 . The tantalum film of claim 5 , wherein the tantalum is α-tantalum.
7 . The tantalum film of claim 5 , having a resistance of 15-30 μΩ cm.
8 . The tantalum film of claim 5 , having a net diffusion distance of less than 10 nm after annealing with copper at a temperature between 650°-750° C. for 1 hour.
9 . A tantalum film having an amorphous microstructure as characterized by a diffuse x-ray diffraction peak at 2θ=30-35° and a diffuse ring in the electron diffraction pattern.
10 . The tantalum film of claim 9 , having a resistance of 250-275 μΩ cm.
11 . The tantalum film of claim 9 , having a net diffusion distance of less than 10 nm after annealing with copper at a temperature between 650°-750° C. for 1 hour.
12 . A method of forming a tantalum film comprising:
providing a substrate;
optionally, preheating the substrate;
providing a vacuum chamber;
adjusting the deposition parameters, chamber and substrate parameters as necessary to achieve the desired microstructure; and
depositing the tantalum film on the substrate in the vacuum chamber at an operating pressure of 10 − -10 −10 by a method selected from the group consisting of chemical vapor deposition, thermal evaporation, (accelerated) molecular beam epitaxy, atomic-layer deposition, cathodic arc, laser assisted, metal organic, plasma enhanced, sputtering, ion beam deposition and pulsed laser deposition.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the operating pressure is between 10 −5 -10 −10 Torr.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the method is pulsed laser deposition or molecular beam epitaxy and the laser is adjusted to an energy density of 2-5 joules/cm.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein said deposition parameter is pulse duration and is adjusted to 10-60 nanoseconds.
16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein said deposition parameter is wavelength and is adjusted to 193 to 308 nm.
17 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the substrate is preheated to a temperature of between 1000 to 200° C. and tantalum film has a nanocrystalline microstructure.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the operating pressure of the vacuum chamber is 10 −7 -10 −10 Torr.
19 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the substrate is epitaxially grown and is preheated to a temperature of 600° to 750° C. and the tantalum film has a single crystal microstructure.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the operating pressure of the vacuum chamber is 10 −7 -10 −10 Torr.
21 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the substrate is 20°-30° C. during deposition and the tantalum film has an amorphous microstructure.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the operating pressure is 10 −5 -10 −7 Torr.
23 . A microelectronic device having a silicon substrate, a tantalum film deposited on the silicon substrate and a copper layer disposed on the tantalum film, wherein the tantalum film has an amorphous microstructure.
24 . A microelectronic device having a silicon substrate, a tantalum film deposited on the silicon substrate and a copper layer disposed on the tantalum film, wherein the tantalum film has a nanocrystalline microstructure.
25 . A microelectronic device having a silicon substrate, a tantalum film deposited on the silicon substrate, and a copper layer disposed on the tantalum film, wherein the tantalum film has a single crystal microstructure.
26 . The device of claim 25 , wherein the device has a buffer layer of TiN or TaN deposited between the silicon substrate and said tantalum film.
27 . A method of depositing a tantalum film on a substrate comprising energizing the tantalum; depositing the tantalum on a substrate; and quenching the tantalum to kinetically trap the amorphous form at a temperature that formation of crystalline phase is suppressed.
28 . The method of claim 26 , wherein said temperature is 20°-600° C.