Genetic manipulation of condensed tannins
The invention provides method and compositions for the modulation of condensed tannin production in plants. The methods of the invention allow creation of plants having novel phenotypes. Increased expression of condensed tannins in plants may be used to increase the nutritional value of food plants for both human and animal consumption. Increased condensed tannin content also reduces the potential for bloat in animals fed certain forage plants low in condensed tannin content. The invention may also be used to modify plant pigmentation.
1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of
a) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2; and
b) a nucleic acid sequence comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
2. A nucleic acid construct comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 operably linked to a heterologous promoter.
3. A nucleic acid construct comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 operably linked to a heterologous terminator.
4. A transgenic plant transformed with a DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 and having anthocyanidin reductase activity.
5. A transgenic plant which comprises the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 .
6. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , defined as exhibiting condensed tannin levels in petals of at least 7.7 μg cyanidin equivalents per gram of fresh weight.
7. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , wherein the DNA is operably linked to a heterologous promoter and/or terminator.
8. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , wherein said DNA comprises an enhancer and/or a signal peptide.
9. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , further defined as a forage crop.
10. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , further defined as a monocotyledonous plant.
11. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , further defined as a dicotyledonous plant.
12. The transgenic plant of claim 11 , wherein said dicotyledonous plant is an alfalfa plant.
13. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , wherein the plant is further defined as comprising a transgenic coding sequence encoding a chalcone isomerase polypeptide, wherein the transgenic coding sequence comprises SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27 or SEQ ID NO:28.
14. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , wherein the plant is further defined as comprising a coding sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22 or SEQ ID NO:24.
15. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , further defined as a fertile R 0 transgenic plant.
16. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , further defined as a progeny plant of any generation of a fertile R 0 transgenic plant, wherein said transgenic plant has inherited a DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NO:2 from said R 0 transgenic plant.
17. A seed of the transgenic plant of claim 4 , wherein said seed comprises a DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NO:2.
18. A method of producing a plant with increased tannin biosynthesis, the method comprising introducing into said plant the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein the isolated nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to a promoter functional in said plant and wherein the plant comprises increased tannin biosynthesis relative to a second plant that differs from said plant only in that said isolated nucleic acid molecule is absent in the second plant.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the coding sequence encodes a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the coding sequence comprises a nucleic acid sequence.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to a heterologous promoter and/or terminator.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein introducing comprises backcrossing.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein introducing comprises genetic transformation with said selected DNA.
24. The method of claim 18 , wherein said nucleic acid molecule comprises an enhancer and/or a signal peptide.
25. The method of claim 18 , wherein said nucleic acid molecule comprises plasmid DNA.
26. The method of claim 18 , wherein the promoter is a constitutive or tissue specific promoter.
27. The method of claim 18 , wherein the plant is further defined as a forage crop.
28. The method of claim 18 , wherein the plant is further defined as a monocotyledonous plant.
29. The method of claim 18 , wherein the plant is further defined as a dicotyledonous plant.
30. The method of claim 29 wherein said dicotyledonous plant is an alfalfa plant.
31. The method of claim 18 , further comprising preparing a transgenic progeny plant of any generation comprising said selected DNA.
32. A plant prepared by the method of claim 18 .
33. A plant prepared by the method of claim 31 .
34. A method of making food for human or animal consumption comprising:
(a) obtaining the plant of claim 4 ;
(b) growing said plant under plant growth conditions to produce plant tissue from the plant; and
(c) preparing food for human or animal consumption from said plant tissue.
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein preparing food comprises harvesting said plant tissue.
36. The method of claim 34 , wherein said food is starch, protein, meal, flour or grain.
37. A method for modifying the pigmentation of a plant, the method comprising introducing into said plant the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to a heterologous promoter functional in said plant, and wherein the expression of said nucleic acid molecule results in a decrease in anthocyanin pigmentation in the plant relative to a second plant that differs from said plant only in that said nucleic acid molecule is absent in the second plant.
38. The method of claim 37 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
39. The method of claim 37 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to a heterologous promoter.
40. The method of claim 37 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operably linked to a heterologous terminator.
41. The method of claim 37 , wherein said nucleic acid molecule comprises an enhancer and/or a sequence encoding a signal peptide.
42. The method of claim 37 , wherein the promoter is a constitutive or tissue specific promoter.
43. The method of claim 37 , wherein the plant produces flowers with decreased anthocyanin pigmentation.
44. The method of claim 37 , wherein the plant produces seeds having seed coats with decreased anthocyanin pigmentation.
45. The method of claim 37 , wherein the plant produces leaves with decreased anthocyanin pigmentation.
46. The method of claim 37 , wherein introducing comprises backcrossing.
47. The method of claim 37 , wherein introducing comprises genetic transformation with said nucleic acid molecule.
48. The transgenic plant of claim 4 , further defined as transformed with a selected DNA encoding an Arabidopsis thaliana TT2 polypeptide.
49. The method of claim 18 , further comprising introducing into said plant a DNA encoding an Arabidopsis thaliana TT2 polypeptide.
50. The method of claim 37 , further comprising introducing into said plant a DNA encoding an Arabidopsis thaliana TT2 polypeptide.