Bit labeling for amplitude phase shift constellation used with low density parity check (LDPC) codes
An approach is provided for bit labeling of a signal constellation. A transmitter generates encoded signals using, according to one embodiment, a structured parity check matrix of a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. The transmitter includes an encoder for transforming an input message into a codeword represented by a plurality of set of bits. The transmitter includes logic for mapping non-sequentially (e.g., interleaving) one set of bits into a higher order constellation (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8-PSK, 16-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying), 32-APSK, etc.), wherein a symbol of the higher order constellation corresponding to the one set of bits is output based on the mapping.
1. A method for transmitting encoded signals, the method comprising:
receiving one of a plurality of set of bits of a codeword from a binary Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder for transforming an input message into the codeword;
writing N encoded bits to a block interleaver on a column by column basis;
reading out the encoded bits on a row by row basis;
non-sequentially mapping, according to the structure of the codeword, the one set of bits into a higher order constellation; and
outputting a symbol of the higher order constellation corresponding to the one set of bits based on the mapping for transmission over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the block interleaver has N/3 rows and 3 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying), N/4 rows and 4 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 16-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying), and N/5 rows and 5 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 32-APSK.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a parity check matrix of the LDPC code is structured by restricting a triangular portion of the parity check matrix to zero values.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation scheme, the method further comprising:
determining an i th QPSK symbol based on the set of 2 i th and ( 2 i +1) th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2 . . . , N/2−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the higher order constellation represents an 8-PSK modulation scheme, the method further comprising:
determining an i th 8-PSK symbol based on the set of (N/3+i) th , (2N/3+i) th and i th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/3−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a 16-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) modulation scheme, the method further comprising:
determining an i th 16-APSK symbol based on the set of (N/2+ 2 i ) th , 2 i th , (N/2+ 2 i +1) th and ( 2 i +1) th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/3−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a 32-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) modulation scheme, the method further comprising:
determining an i th 32-APSK symbol based on the set of (N/5+i) th , (2N/5+i) th , (4N/5+i) th , (3N/5+i) th and i th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/5−1, and N is the coded LIJPC block size.
8. A computer-readable medium bearing instructions for transmitting encoded signals, said instruction, being arranged, upon execution, to cause one or more processors to perform the method of claim 1 .
9. A transmitter for generating encoded signals, the transmitter comprising:
a binary Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder configured to transform an input message into a codeword represented by a plurality of set of bits, wherein the N encoded bits are written to a block interleaver column by column and read out row by row; and
logic configured to map non-sequentially, according to the structure of the codeword, one set of bits into a higher order constellation, wherein a symbol of the higher order constellation corresponding to the one set of bits is output based on the mapping for transmission over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
10. A transmitter according to claim 9 , wherein the block interleaver has N/3 rows and 3 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying), N/4 rows and 4 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 16-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying), and N/5 rows and 5 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 32-APSK.
11. A transmitter according to claim 9 , wherein a parity check matrix of the LDPC code is structured by restricting a triangular portion of the parity check matrix to zero values.
12. A transmitter according to claim 9 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation scheme, and the logic is further configured to determine an i th QPSK symbol based on the set of 2 i th and ( 2 i +1) th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2 . . . , N/2−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
13. A transmitter according to claim 9 , wherein the higher order constellation represents an 8-PSK modulation scheme, and the logic is further configured to determine an i th 8-PSK symbol based on the set of (N/3+i) th , (2N/3+i) th and i th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/3−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
14. A transmitter according to claim 9 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a 16-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) modulation scheme, and the logic is further configured to determine an i th 16-APSK symbol based on the set of bits (N/2+ 2 i ) th , 2 i th , (N/2+ 2 i +1) th and ( 2 i +1) th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/3−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
15. A transmitter according to claim 9 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a 32-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) modulation scheme, and the logic is further configured to determine an i th 32-APSK symbol based on the set of bits (N/5+i) th , (2N/5+i) th , (4N/5+i) th , (3N/5+i) and i th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/5−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
16. A method for processing encoded signals, the method comprising:
demodulating a received Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoded signal, over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, representing a codeword, wherein the encoded signal being modulated according to a non-sequential mapping, based on the structure of the codeword, of a plurality of bits corresponding to the codeword, wherein the N encoded bits are written to a block interleaver column by column and read out row by row; and
decoding the codeword associated with the encoded signal.
17. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the block interleaver has N/3 rows and 3 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying), N/4 rows and 4 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 16-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying), and N/5 rows and 5 columns when the higher order constellation corresponds to 32-APSK.
18. A method according to claim 16 , wherein a parity check matrix of the LDPC code is structured by restricting a triangular portion of the parity check matrix to zero values.
19. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation scheme, and an i th QPSK symbol is determined based on the set of 2 i th and ( 2 i +1) th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2 . . . , N/2−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
20. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the higher order constellation represents an 8-PSK modulation scheme, and an i th 8-PSK symbol is determined based on the set of (N/3+i) th , (2N/3+i) th and i th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/3−1, and N is the coded LDPC black size.
21. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a 16-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) modulation scheme, and an i th 16-APSK symbol is determined based on the set of bits (N/2+ 2 i ) th , 2 i th , (N/2+ 2 i +1) th and ( 2 i +1) th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/3−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
22. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the higher order constellation represents a 32-APSK (Amplitude Phase Shift Keying) modulation scheme, and an i th 32-APSK symbol is determined based on the set of bits (N/5+i) th , (2N/5+i) th , (4N/5+i) th , (3N/5+i) th and i th LDPC encoded bits, wherein i=0,1,2, . . . , N/5−1, and N is the coded LDPC block size.
23. A computer-readable medium bearing instructions processing encoded signals, said instruction, being arranged, upon execution, to cause one or more processors to perform the method of claim 16 .
24. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the mapping step is further based on type of higher order constellation.
25. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the codeword is structured to permit storage of adjacent edge values, associated with a group of bit nodes or a group of check nodes, together in memory.