Method for improving adhesion of water-based inks to halogen-containing resin articles
View Patent ↗Flexible and semi-rigid vinyl chloride resin compositions comprising a combination of a latent mercaptan and a zinc salt of oxidized polyethylene (a zinc ionomer) as a heat stabilizer are substantially free from the offensive odor typically associated with mercaptans and are protected during processing by the degradation products of the latent mercaptan and the zinc ionomer. The oxidized polyethylene is split out from the ionomer to act as an adhesion promoter for aqueous inks and paints, and the residual zinc carboxylate functions as a co-stabilizer with the latent mercaptan in the composition. The latent mercaptan is exemplified by a 2-S-(tetrahydropyranyl)thioalkanol, a carboxylic acid ester thereof, a 2-S-(tetrahydropyranyl)-thiocarboxylic acid, an ester thereof, and the furanyl homologs of each.
1. A heavy metal-free stabilizer for a poly(vinyl chloride) resin consisting essentially of from about 40% to about 80% by weight of a blocked mercaptan having the formula:
wherein a is 1, m is 0, and n is 0 or 1; y=1 to 4; R 1 is R′C(O)OH wherein R′ is an alkylene radical having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, or R 1 is an alkyl, pentaerythrityl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylene, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, aralkylene, hydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, acyloxyalkyl, hydroxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, hydroxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, acyloxy(hydroxyalkyl), acyloxy(alkoxyalkyl), acyloxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, acyloxy(polyalkoxy)carbonlalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, oxy[bis(alkoxycarbonylalkyl)], oxy[bis(polyalkoxycarbonylalkyl)], benzoyloxy(polyalkloxy)alkyl, benzoyloxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, alkylene bis-(acyloxyalkyl), thio-bis-[alkoxycarbonylalkyl], dithio-bis-[alkoxycarbonylalkyl], alkoxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl, alkoxy(hydroxyalkyl), alkoxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, mercaptoalkylene, mercaptoalkoxycarbonylalkyl, tetrahydropyranyloxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl, tetrahydropyranyloxyalkyl, hydroxyaryl, or mercaptoaryl radical, said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, and acyl radicals having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are independently hydrogen, a hydroxyl, mercapto, alkyl, alkylene, acyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryloxy, mercaptoalkyl, hydroxyalkylmercaptoalkyl, mercaptoalkylene, hydroxyaryl, alkoxyaryl, alkoxyhydroxyaryl, arylcarbonyl, or mercaptoaryl radical having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, and one or both of the R 3 and R 5 alkylene radicals joins with R 7 and X to form a heterocyclic moiety with X as the heteroatom; and a zinc ionomer.
2. The stabilizer of claim 1 wherein R 1 is acyloxyethyl, the acyloxy moiety contains from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, the zinc ionomer comprise a mixed salt of a carboxylic acid having from 7 to 18 carbon atoms and an oxidized polyethylene having a molecular weight of at least about 750, X is oxygen, and the heterocyclic moiety is tetrahydropyranyl.
3. A one-component PVC stabilizer consisting of a complex of a zinc salt with a latent mercaptan as shown by the following formula:
wherein Hal represents a halide ion.
4. A PVC composition comprising the stabilizer of claim 3 .
5. A latent mercaptan having the following formula:
wherein a is 0 or 1, m is 0 or 1, and n is 0 or 1; y=1 to 4, when y=1, z is 1 to 4, when y is more than 1 z is 1; R 1 is R′C(O)OH wherein R′ is an alkylene radical having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, or R 1 is a thio[bis(alkoxycarbonylalkyl)], dithio-bis[(alkoxycarbonylalkyl)], pentaerythrityl, alkenyloxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, oxy[bis(alkoxyacyl)], oxy[bis(polyalkoxycarbonylalkyl)], benzoyloxy(polyalkoxy)alkyl, or benzoyloxy(polyalkoxy)carbonylalkyl radical, said alkyl, alkylene, and acyl radicals having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are independently hydrogen, a hydroxyl, mercapto, alkyl, alkylenyl, acyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, chioroalkoxy, alkylene, alkenyloxyalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryloxy, mercaptoalkyl, hydroxyalkylmercaptoalkyl, mercaptoalkylenyl, hydroxyaryl, alkoxyaryl, alkoxyhydroxyaryl, arylcarbonyl, or mercaptoaryl radical having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is aryl, haloaryl, alkaryl, hydroxyaryl, dihydroxyaryl, aralkaryl, alkoxyaryl, arylcycloalkyl, or a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, with the option that one or both of the R 3 and R 5 alkylenyl radicals joins with R 7 and X to form a heterocyclic moiety with X as the heteroatom.
6. A zinc ionomer-free composition comprising a PVC resin and the latent mercaptan of claim 5 .
7. A zinc ionomer-free composition comprising a PVC resin, the latent mercaptan of claim 5 , and from about 0.005 to less than 0.5% of at least one synergist selected from the group consisting of a metallic-based heat stabilizer and a Lewis acid, based on the weight of the PVC resin.