Multifunctional additive for fuel oils
The invention relates to additives for improving cold-flow and lubricating properties of fuel oils, comprising A) 5-95% by weight of at least one oil-soluble amphiphile of the formula in which R 1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl or aromatic radical having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, X is NH, NR 3 , O or S, y is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R 2 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical carrying hydroxyl groups and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and R 3 is an alkyl radical carrying nitrogen and/or hydroxyl groups and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, and B) 5 to 95% by weight of a terpolymer containing from 10 to 35 mol % of structural units derived from the vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, from 1 to 15 mol % of structural units derived from the vinyl ester of a neocarboxylic acid having 8 to 15 carbon atoms, and structural units of ethylene to 100 mol %, having a melt viscosity, measured at 140° C., of from 20 to 10,000 mPas.
1. An additive for improving cold-flow and lubricating properties of fuel oils, comprising
A) 20-80% by weight of at least one oil-soluble amphiphile selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monooleate, oleic acid diethanolamide, oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride diesterifled with diethylene glycol, and C 18 H 35 —O—CH 2 —CH(OH)—CH 2 OH and
B) 20-80% by weight of a terpolymer containing from 3 to 18 mol % of structural units derived from an ester of a carboxylic acid having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, from 0.5 to 10 mol- % of structural units derived from a vinyl ester of a neocarboxlic acid selected from the group consisting of neononanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, neoundecanoic acid, neododecanoic acid, and structural units of ethylene to 100 mol %, and having a melt viscosity, measured at 140° C., of from 20 to 10,000 mPas.
2. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the melt viscosity at 140° C. of said terpolymer of component B) ranges from 50 to 5000 mPas.
3. A fuel oil comprising the additive as claimed in claim 1 .
4. An additive mixture comprising the additive of claim 1 and paraffin dispersants of the formula
in which R 51 is C 4 -C 50 -alkyl or C 4 -C 50 -alkenyl, O—[R 52 ] is ethoxy and/or propoxy, n is a number from 5 to 100 and p is a number from 0 to 50, or comb polymers of the formula
in which
A Is R′, COOR′, OCOR′, R″—COOR′ or OR′;
D is H, CH 3 , A or R″;
E is H or A;
G is H, R″, R″—COOR′, an aryl radical or a heterocyclic radical;
M is H, COOR″, OCOR″, OR″ or COOH;
N is H, R″, COOR″, OCOR, COOH or an aryl radical;
R′ is a hydrocarbon chain having 8 to 150 carbon atoms;
R″ is a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
m is a number from 0.4 to 1.0; and
n is a number from 0 to 0.6, the mixing ratio of said additive to paraffin dispersant or comb polymer being from 1:10 to 20:1.