Cardiac reinforcement device
The present disclosure is directed to a cardiac reinforcement device (CRD) and method for the treatment of cardiomyopathy. The CRD provides for reinforcement of the walls of the heart by constraining cardiac expansion, beyond a predetermined limit, during diastolic expansion of the heart. A CRD of the invention can be applied to the epicardium of the heart to locally constrain expansion of the cardiac wall or to circumferentially constrain the cardiac wall during cardiac expansion.
1. An apparatus for placement on a heart of a patient to treat a heart condition characterized at least in part by diastolic expansion of a size of the heart, the apparatus comprising:
(a) a jacket comprising flexible open cell material;
(i) said flexible open cell material being pre-formed in a cone shape with a base and an apex;
(A) said base defining an opening sized to receive a heart;
(ii) said jacket for circumferentially surrounding a heart and exerting a variable amount of pressure on the heart as a function of an amount of dilation of the heart, wherein the amount of pressure increases with increasing dilation of the heart;
(A) said flexible open cell material being sufficiently flexible to move with expansion and contraction of a heart and such that force on one portion of a heart is transmitted circumferentially through the material to another portion of the heart.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said material is elastic.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said jacket is sized to constrain diastolic expansion beyond a predetermined limit.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said material is formed in an open cell construction with a plurality of open cells defined by interconnected, elongated elements.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said jacket is sized to be applied to the epicardium of the heart.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said jacket is sized to be applied to the pericardium of the heart.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said jacket includes a shape memory material.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said material is inelastic.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said material has a compliance less than a compliance of a wall of the heart.
10. An apparatus for placement on a heart of a patient to treat a heart condition characterized at least in part by diastolic expansion of a size of the heart, the apparatus comprising:
(a) a jacket comprising flexible open cell material;
(i) said flexible open cell material being pre-formed in a cone shape with a base and an apex;
(A) said base defining an opening sized to receive a heart;
(B) said jacket for surrounding at least a portion of a heart and exerting a variable amount of pressure on the heart as a function of an amount of dilation of the heart, wherein the amount of pressure increases with increasing dilation of the heart; and
(C) said flexible open cell material comprising an elastic material that moves with expansion and contraction of a heart.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) said jacket is adapted to circumferentially surround a heart; and
(b) said elastic material is sufficiently flexible to move with expansion and contraction of a heart such that force on one portion of a heart is transmitted circumferentially through the jacket to another portion of the heart.
12. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) said jacket is sized to be applied to the epicardium of the heart.
13. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) said jacket is sized to be applied to the pericardium of the heart.
14. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) said jacket includes a shape memory material.
15. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) said flexible open cell material has a compliance lower than a compliance of a wall of the heart.
16. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) said jacket is sized to constrain diastolic expansion beyond a predetermined limit.